Narcolepsy is associated with cardiovascular burden

Abstract

Abstract Background Narcolepsy is a debilitating sleep disorder caused by hypocretin deficiency. Aside from its role to induce wakefulness, hypocretin is linked to modulated appetite and metabolism, often resulting in weight gain. Study objectives We aimed to unravel the comprehensive epidemiological connection between narcolepsy and major cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods We analyzed cardiovascular and metabolic disease distribution in the FinnGen study. Using longitudinal electronic health records, we assessed associations between narcolepsy, cardiac/metabolic markers, and prescriptions for relevant drugs. Results Our findings demonstrate significant associations between narcolepsy and metabolic traits (OR [95% CI] = 2.65 [1.81, 3.89]) as well as stroke (OR = 2.36 [1.38, 4.04]). Narcolepsy patients exhibit a less favourable metabolic profile, including higher glucose levels (OR = 1.1143 [1.0599, 1.1715]) and dyslipidaemia. This is supported by increased prescriptions of insulin (OR = 2.269 [1.46, 3.53]), simvastatin (OR = 2.292 [1.59, 3.31]), and metformin (OR = 2.327 [1.66, 3.25]), reflecting high metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, positive associations with antihypertensive and antiplatelet medications were observed, consistent with elevated cardiovascular risk. Conclusion Taken together, our findings highlight the cardiometabolic burden in narcolepsy. This study enhances understanding of the metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of narcolepsy and offers timely guidance for effective disease control. Abstract Figure