A typology of physician input approaches to using AI chatbots for clinical decision-making

Rachel Siden(Stanford Medicine), Laura M. Holdsworth(Stanford University), Lisa Shieh(Palo Alto University), Joséphine A. Cool(Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center), Neera Ahuja(Palo Alto University), Adam Rodman(Google (United States)), Jonathan H. Chen(Palo Alto University), Jason Hom(Stanford Medicine), Robert J. Gallo(VA Palo Alto Health Care System), Daniel X. Yang(Kaiser Permanente), Hannah Kerman(Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center), Ethan Goh(Stanford Health Care), Paul A. Heidenreich(Palo Alto University)
npj Digital Medicine
December 5, 2025
10.1038/s41746-025-02184-y
Cited by 5

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