Broadband Quantum Enhancement of the LIGO Detectors with Frequency-Dependent Squeezing
D. Ganapathy(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Wenxuan Jia(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Masayuki Nakano(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), Victoria Xu(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), N. Aritomi, T. J. Cullen(California Institute of Technology), N. Kijbunchoo(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), S. E. Dwyer, A. Mullavey(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), L. McCuller(California Institute of Technology), R. Abbott(California Institute of Technology), I. Abouelfettouh, R. X. Adhikari(California Institute of Technology), A. Ananyeva(California Institute of Technology), S. Appert(California Institute of Technology), K. Arai(California Institute of Technology), S. M. Aston(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. Ball(University of Oregon), S. W. Ballmer(Syracuse University), D. Barker, L. Barsotti(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), B. K. Berger(Stanford University), J. Betzwieser(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. Bhattacharjee(Kenyon College), G. Billingsley(California Institute of Technology), Sébastien Biscans(California Institute of Technology), N. Bode(Leibniz University Hannover), E. Bonilla(Stanford University), V. Bossilkov(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Branch(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. F. Brooks(California Institute of Technology), D. Brown(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), J. Bryant(University of Birmingham), C. Cahillane(Syracuse University), H. Cao(University of California, Riverside), E. Capote(Syracuse University), F. Clara, James D. Collins(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), C. M. Compton, R. Cottingham(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), D. C. Coyne(California Institute of Technology), Robert Crouch, J. Csizmazia, L. P. Dartez, N. Demos(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), E. Dohmen, J. C. Driggers, A. Effler(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Ejlli(Cardiff University), T. Etzel(California Institute of Technology), M. Evans(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), J. Feicht(California Institute of Technology), R. Frey(University of Oregon), W. Frischhertz(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Fritschel(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), V. V. Frolov(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Fulda(University of Florida), M. Fyffe(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), B. Gateley, J. A. Giaime(Louisiana State University), K. D. Giardina(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), J. Glanzer(Louisiana State University), E. Goetz(University of British Columbia), R. Goetz(University of Florida), A. W. Jones(The University of Western Australia), S. Gras(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), C. Gray, D. Griffith(California Institute of Technology), H. Grote(Cardiff University), T. Guidry, E. D. Hall(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), J. Hanks, J. Hanson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. C. Heintze(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. F. Helmling-Cornell(University of Oregon), N. A. Holland(Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), D. Hoyland(University of Birmingham), Y.-J. Huang(National Central University), Yuki Inoue(National Central University), A. L. James(Cardiff University), A. Jennings, S. Karat(California Institute of Technology), S. Karki(Missouri University of Science and Technology), M. Kasprzack(California Institute of Technology), K. Kawabe, Peter King, J. S. Kissel, K. Komori(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), A. Kontos(Bard College), S. Kumar, K. Kuns(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Landry, B. Lantz(Stanford University), M. Laxen(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), H. K. Lee(Sungkyunkwan University), M. Lesovsky(California Institute of Technology), F. Llamas(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), M. Lormand(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), Hudson A. Loughlin(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. Macas(University of Portsmouth), M. MacInnis(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), C. N. Makarem(California Institute of Technology), B. Mannix(University of Oregon), G. L. Mansell(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), R. M. Martin(Montclair State University), K. Mason(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), F. Matichard(California Institute of Technology), N. Mavalvala(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Nicholas Maxwell, G. McCarrol(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland(Australian National University), S. McCormick(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. McRae(Australian National University), F. Mera, E. L. Merilh(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), F. Meylahn(Leibniz University Hannover), R. Mittleman(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), D. Moraru, G. Moreno, T. J. N. Nelson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Neunzert, J. Notte(Montclair State University), J. Oberling, T. O’Hanlon(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), C. Osthelder(California Institute of Technology), D. J. Ottaway(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), H. Overmier(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), W. Parker(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. Pele(California Institute of Technology), H. Pham(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. Pirello, V. Quetschke(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), K. E. Ramirez(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), Juan Francisco Mandujano Reyes(Montclair State University), J. W. Richardson(University of California, Riverside), Mitchell B. Robinson, J. G. Rollins(California Institute of Technology), C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), M. P. Ross(University of Washington), K. Ryan, T. Sadecki, Ariel G. Sánchez, E. J. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology), L. E. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology), R. L. Savage, D. Schaetzl(California Institute of Technology), M. G. Schiworski(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), Roman Schnabel(Universität Hamburg), R. M. S. Schofield(University of Oregon), E. Schwartz(Cardiff University), D. Sellers(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), T. Shaffer, R. W. Short, D. Sigg, B. J. J. Slagmolen(Australian National University), C. Soike, S. Soni(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), V. Srivastava(Syracuse University), L. Sun(Australian National University), D. B. Tanner(University of Florida), M. Thomas(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), P. Thomas, K. Thorne(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), C. I. Torrie(California Institute of Technology), G. Traylor(LIGO Scientific Collaboration), A. S. Ubhi(University of Birmingham), G. Vajente(California Institute of Technology), J. Vanosky(California Institute of Technology), A. Vecchio(University of Birmingham), P. J. Veitch(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery), A. Vibhute, E. R. G. von Reis, J. Warner, B. Weaver, R. Weiss(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), C. Whittle(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), B. Willke(Leibniz University Hannover), C. C. Wipf(California Institute of Technology), H. Yamamoto(California Institute of Technology), L. Zhang(California Institute of Technology), M. E. Zucker(California Institute of Technology)
Cited by 122Open Access
Abstract
Quantum noise imposes a fundamental limitation on the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO, manifesting as shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise. Here, we present the first realization of frequency-dependent squeezing in full-scale gravitational-wave detectors, resulting in the reduction of both shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise, with broadband detector enhancement from tens of hertz to several kilohertz. In the LIGO Hanford detector, squeezing reduced the detector noise amplitude by a factor of 1.6 (4.0 dB) near 1 kHz; in the Livingston detector, the noise reduction was a factor of 1.9 (5.8 dB). These improvements directly impact LIGO's scientific output for high-frequency sources (e.g., binary neutron star postmerger physics). The improved low-frequency sensitivity, which boosted the detector range by 15%-18% with respect to no squeezing, corresponds to an increase in the astrophysical detection rate of up to 65%. Frequency-dependent squeezing was enabled by the addition of a 300-meter-long filter cavity to each detector as part of the LIGO A+ upgrade.
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