Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses

Samuel Wilks(University of Cambridge), Barbara Mühlemann(Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Xiaoying Shen(Duke University), Sina Türeli(University of Cambridge), Eric B. LeGresley(University of Cambridge), Antonia Netzl(University of Cambridge), Miguela A. Caniza(St. Jude Children's Research Hospital), Jesus N. Chacaltana-Huarcaya(Universidad Nacional del Callao), Victor M. Corman(Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Xiaoju Daniell(Duke University), Michael Datto(Duke University), Fatimah S. Dawood(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Thomas N. Denny(Duke University), Christian Drosten(Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Ron A. M. Fouchier(Erasmus MC), Patricia García(Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia), Peter Halfmann(University of Wisconsin–Madison), Agatha N. Jassem(BC Centre for Disease Control), Lara M. Jeworowski(Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Terry C. Jones(University of Cambridge), Yoshihiro Kawaoka(University of Wisconsin–Madison), Florian Krammer(Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Charlene McDanal(Duke University), Rolando Pajón(Moderna Therapeutics (United States)), Viviana Simon(Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Melissa S. Stockwell(Columbia University), Haili Tang(Duke University), Harm van Bakel(Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Vic Veguilla(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Richard J. Webby(St. Jude Children's Research Hospital), David C. Montefiori(Duke University), Derek J. Smith(University of Cambridge)
Science
October 6, 2023
10.1126/science.adj0070
Cited by 133Open Access
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Abstract

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, multiple variants escaping preexisting immunity emerged, causing reinfections of previously exposed individuals. Here, we used antigenic cartography to analyze patterns of cross-reactivity among 21 variants and 15 groups of human sera obtained after primary infection with 10 different variants or after messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 or mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We found antigenic differences among pre-Omicron variants caused by substitutions at spike-protein positions 417, 452, 484, and 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time and with additional vaccine doses, our results show the largest increase between 4 weeks and >3 months after a second dose. We found changes in immunodominance of different spike regions, depending on the variant an individual was first exposed to, with implications for variant risk assessment and vaccine-strain selection.

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