Soluble organic molecules in samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu
Hiroshi Naraoka(Kyushu University), Yoshinori Takano(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Jason P. Dworkin(Goddard Space Flight Center), Yasuhiro Oba(Hokkaido University), Kenji Hamase(Kyushu University), Aogu Furusho(Kyushu University), Nanako O. Ogawa(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Minako Hashiguchi(Nagoya University), Kazuhiko Fukushima(Nagoya University), Dan Aoki(Nagoya University), Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin(Helmholtz Zentrum München), José C. Aponte(Goddard Space Flight Center), Eric T. Parker(Goddard Space Flight Center), D. P. Glavin(Goddard Space Flight Center), Hannah L. McLain(Goddard Space Flight Center), Jamie E. Elsila(Goddard Space Flight Center), Heather V. Graham(Goddard Space Flight Center), John M. Eiler(California Institute of Technology), François‐Régis Orthous‐Daunay(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Cédric Wolters(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), J. Isa(Tokyo Institute of Technology), V. Vuitton(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), R. Thissen(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Saburo Sakai(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Toshihiro Yoshimura(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Toshiki Koga(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Naohiko Ohkouchi(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Yoshito Chikaraishi(Hokkaido University), Haruna Sugahara(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Hajime Mita(Fukuoka Institute of Technology), Yoshihiro Furukawa(Tohoku University), Norbert Hertkorn(Helmholtz Zentrum München), Alexander Ruf(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Hisayoshi Yurimoto(Hokkaido University), Tomoki Nakamura(Tohoku University), T. Noguchi(Kyoto University), Ryuji Okazaki(Kyushu University), Hikaru Yabuta(Hiroshima University), Kanako Sakamoto(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Shogo Tachibana(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), H. C. Connolly(Rowan University), D. S. Lauretta(University of Arizona), Masanao Abe(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Toru Yada(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Masahiro Nishimura(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Kasumi Yogata(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Aiko Nakato(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Miwa Yoshitake(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Ayako Suzuki(Japan Steel Works (Japan)), Akiko Miyazaki(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Shizuho Furuya, Kentaro Hatakeda(Japan Steel Works (Japan)), Hiromichi Soejima(Japan Steel Works (Japan)), Yuya Hitomi(Japan Steel Works (Japan)), Kazuya Kumagai(Japan Steel Works (Japan)), Tomohiro Usui(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Tasuku Hayashi(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Daiki Yamamoto(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Ryota Fukai(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), K. Kitazato(University of Aizu), Seiji Sugita(Chiba Institute of Technology), Noriyuki Namiki(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Masahiko Arakawa(Kobe University), Hitoshi Ikeda(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Masateru Ishiguro(Seoul National University), Naru Hirata(Japan Steel Works (Japan)), Koji Wada(Chiba Institute of Technology), Yoshiaki Ishihara(National Sagamihara Hospital), Rina Noguchi(Niigata University), Tomokatsu Morota, Naoya Sakatani(Rikkyo University), Koji Matsumoto(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Hiroki Senshu(Chiba Institute of Technology), Rie Honda(Matsuyama University), Eri Tatsumi(Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), Y. Yokota(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Chikatoshi Honda(University of Aizu), Tatsuhiro Michikami(Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), M. Matsuoka(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Akira Miura(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Hirotomo Noda(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Tetsuya Yamada(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Keisuke Yoshihara(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Kosuke Kawahara(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Masanobu Ozaki(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Yuichi Iijima(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Hajime Yano(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Masahiko Hayakawa(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Takahiro Iwata(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Ryudo Tsukizaki(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Hirotaka Sawada(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), S Hosoda(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Kazunori Ogawa(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Chisato Okamoto(Kobe University), Naoyuki Hirata(Japan Steel Works (Japan)), K. Shirai(National Astronomical Observatory of Japan), Yuri Shimaki(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Manabu Yamada(Chiba Institute of Technology), Tatsuaki Okada(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Yukio Yamamoto(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Hiroshi Takeuchi(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Atsushi Fujii(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Yuto Takei(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Kento Yoshikawa(National Sagamihara Hospital), Yuya Mimasu(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Go Ono(National Sagamihara Hospital), Naoko Ogawa(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Shota Kikuchi(National Astronomical Observatory of Japan), Satoru Nakazawa(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Fuyuto Terui(Kanagawa Institute of Technology), Satoshi Tanaka(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Takanao Saiki(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Makoto Yoshikawa(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI), Sei‐ichiro Watanabe(Nagoya University), Yuichi Tsuda(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
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Abstract
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft collected samples from the surface of the carbonaceous near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu and brought them to Earth. The samples were expected to contain organic molecules, which record processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We analyzed organic molecules extracted from the Ryugu surface samples. We identified a variety of molecules containing the atoms CHNOS, formed by methylation, hydration, hydroxylation, and sulfurization reactions. Amino acids, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds were detected, which had properties consistent with an abiotic origin. These compounds likely arose from an aqueous reaction on Ryugu's parent body and are similar to the organics in Ivuna-type meteorites. These molecules can survive on the surfaces of asteroids and be transported throughout the Solar System.
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