EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF GRAPEVINE IN VITRO*

Abstract

The paper is devoted to improving the elements of the technology of clonal micropropagation of Pukhlyakovsky grapevine variety in order to increase the efficiency of its content in the in vitro collection. The introduction of an osmotically active substance ‒ sorbitol into the culture medium in the concentration range of 5-30 g/l in comparison with sucrose of 10 g/l was studied. The research was carried out in 2021-2022 on the collection of grapevine plants in vitro of the All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko in Novocherkassk (Rostov region). Cultivation was carried out in conditions of illumination of 3.0 thousand lux, temperature +25 ° C, photoperiod of 16/8 hours, air humidity 60 %. Morphometric parameters of shoots were evaluated: the number and length of shoots, shoot height, number of leaves, inhibition of growth processes was noted in all experimental variants in comparison with the control. The maximum safety indicators were recorded in the variant with a sorbitol concentration of 10 g/l. The minimum safety was observed in the control (43.3 %) and the variant with the maximum sorbitol content ‒ 30 g/l (36.7 %). The calculation of the economic efficiency of keeping plants in the collection in vitro on a medium with sucrose and sorbitol was carried out. Depositing on a medium with sorbitol is 17 % more economical due to an increase in the interval between subcultivations from 6 months to 12. The positive effect of the drug sorbitol on the safety and quality characteristics of plants was established, the maximum safety (86.7 %) and moderate inhibition of growth were recorded in the variant with a concentration of the drug 10 g/l. We consider this concentration to be optimal for use when depositing Puhlyakovsky grape plants in the in vitro collection under conditions of slow growth.