A photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional imaging of hemoglobin and core temperature

Xiaoxiang Gao(University of California San Diego), Xiangjun Chen(University of California San Diego), Hongjie Hu(University of California San Diego), Xinyu Wang(University of California San Diego), Wentong Yue(University of California San Diego), Jing Mu(University of California San Diego), Zhiyuan Lou(University of California San Diego), Ruiqi Zhang(University of California San Diego), Keren Shi(University of California San Diego), Xue Chen(University of California San Diego), Muyang Lin(University of California San Diego), Baiyan Qi(University of California San Diego), Sai Zhou(University of California San Diego), Chengchangfeng Lu(University of California San Diego), Yue Gu(University of California San Diego), Xinyi Yang(University of California San Diego), Hong Ding(University of California San Diego), Yangzhi Zhu(University of California San Diego), Hao Huang(University of California San Diego), Yuxiang Ma(University of California San Diego), Mohan Li(University of California San Diego), Aditya Mishra(University of California San Diego), Joseph Wang(University of California San Diego), Sheng Xu(University of California San Diego)
Nature Communications
December 15, 2022
10.1038/s41467-022-35455-3
Cited by 123Open Access
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Abstract

Electronic patches, based on various mechanisms, allow continuous and noninvasive monitoring of biomolecules on the skin surface. However, to date, such devices are unable to sense biomolecules in deep tissues, which have a stronger and faster correlation with the human physiological status than those on the skin surface. Here, we demonstrate a photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional (3D) mapping of hemoglobin in deep tissues. This photoacoustic patch integrates an array of ultrasonic transducers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes on a common soft substrate. The high-power VCSEL diodes can generate laser pulses that penetrate >2 cm into biological tissues and activate hemoglobin molecules to generate acoustic waves, which can be collected by the transducers for 3D imaging of the hemoglobin with a high spatial resolution. Additionally, the photoacoustic signal amplitude and temperature have a linear relationship, which allows 3D mapping of core temperatures with high accuracy and fast response. With access to biomolecules in deep tissues, this technology adds unprecedented capabilities to wearable electronics and thus holds significant implications for various applications in both basic research and clinical practice.

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