Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart and/or the blood vessels, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Atherosclerosis is a common form of CVD, and it may lead to serious health problems in different organs. Coronary artery disease, also called coronary heart disease, is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood. Cardiac arrest is the sudden, abrupt loss of heart function. Heart failure is a common condition that usually develops slowly as the heart muscle weakens and must work harder to keep blood flowing through the body. Thrombus formation can be an eventual consequence of long-term plaque buildup in a blood vessel to which the body responds by covering the plaque with a thin layer or fibrous cap.