The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kazem Rahmani(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Rasoul Shavaleh(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Mahtab Forouhi(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Hamideh Feiz Disfani(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Mostafa Kamandi(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Rozita Khatamian Oskooi(Birjand University of Medical Sciences), Molood Foogerdi(Birjand University of Medical Sciences), Moslem Soltani(North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences), Maryam Rahchamani(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Mohaddespour(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Mostafa Dianatinasab(Maastricht University)
Frontiers in Public Health
August 26, 2022
10.3389/fpubh.2022.873596
Cited by 216Open Access
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Abstract

Background: Vaccination, one of the most important and effective ways of preventing infectious diseases, has recently been used to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The present meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19. Methods: statistics. In addition, the Pooled Vaccine Effectiveness (PVE) obtained from the studies was calculated by converting based on the type of outcome. Results: A total of 54 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The PVE against SARS-COV 2 infection were 71% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.23-0.36] in the first dose and 87% (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08-0.21) in the second dose. The PVE for preventing hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection was 73% (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.18-0.41) in the first dose and 89% (OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.07-0.17) in the second dose. With regard to the type of vaccine, mRNA-1273 and combined studies in the first dose and ChAdOx1 and mRNA-1273 in the second dose had the highest effectiveness in preventing infection. Regarding the COVID-19-related mortality, PVE was 68% (HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.23-0.45) in the first dose and 92% (HR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.29) in the second dose. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that vaccination against COVID-19 with BNT162b2 mRNA, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1, and also their combination, was associated with a favorable effectiveness against SARS-CoV2 incidence rate, hospitalization, and mortality rate in the first and second doses in different populations. We suggest that to prevent the severe form of the disease in the future, and, in particular, in the coming epidemic picks, vaccination could be the best strategy to prevent the severe form of the disease. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier [CRD42021289937].

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