Rapid decline in vaccine-boosted neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Kirsten E. Lyke(University of Maryland, Baltimore), Robert L. Atmar(Baylor College of Medicine), Clara Domínguez Islas(University of Washington), Christine M. Posavad(University of Washington), Daniel Szydlo(University of Washington), Rahul Paul Chourdhury(University of Washington), Meagan E. Deming(University of Maryland, Baltimore), Amanda Eaton(Duke Medical Center), Lisa A. Jackson(Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute), Angela R Branche(University of Rochester), Hana M. El Sahly(Baylor College of Medicine), Christina A. Rostad(Emory University), Judith M. Martin(University of Pittsburgh), Christine Johnston(University of Washington), Richard Rupp, Mark J. Mulligan(New York University), Rebecca C. Brady(Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center), Robert W. Frenck(Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center), Martín Bäcker(Island Hospital), Angelica C Kottkamp(New York University), Tara M. Babu(University of Washington), Kumaravel Rajakumar(University of Pittsburgh), Srilatha Edupuganti(Emory University), David Dobrzynski(University of Rochester), Rhea N. Coler(Seattle Children's Hospital), Janet I. Archer(Family Health International 360), Sonja Crandon(National Institutes of Health), Jillian A. Zemanek(University of Washington), Elizabeth R. Brown(University of Washington), Kathleen M. Neuzil(University of Maryland, Baltimore), David S. Stephens(Emory University), Diane J. Post(National Institutes of Health), Seema Nayak(National Institutes of Health), Mehul S. Suthar(Emory University), Paul C. Roberts(National Institutes of Health), John H. Beigel(National Institutes of Health), David C. Montefiori(Duke Medical Center), Jennifer Husson, Angie Price, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Wendy A. Keitel, Ann R. Falsey, Ian Shannon(National Institutes of Health), Daniel S. Graciaa(University of Washington), Nadine Rouphael, Evan J. Anderson, Satoshi Kamidani, Gysella Muñiz, Sonika Bhatnagar, Anna Wald, Megan Berman, Laura Porterfield, Amber Stanford, Jennifer Lee Dong, Steven E. Carsons, Diana Badillo, Susan Parker, Michelle Dickey, Sasha E. Larsen, John Hural(National Institutes of Health), Brian Ingersoll, Marina Lee(University of Maryland, Baltimore), Lilin Lai, Katharine Floyd, Madison Ellis, Kathryn M. Moore, Kelly E. Manning, Stephanie L. Foster, Mit Patel
Cell Reports Medicine
June 20, 2022
10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100679
Cited by 167Open Access
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Abstract

The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits reduced susceptibility to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, requiring a boost to generate protective immunity. We assess the magnitude and short-term durability of neutralizing antibodies after homologous and heterologous boosting with mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. All prime-boost combinations substantially increase the neutralization titers to Omicron, although the boosted titers decline rapidly within 2 months from the peak response compared with boosted titers against the prototypic D614G variant. Boosted Omicron neutralization titers are substantially higher for homologous mRNA vaccine boosting, and for heterologous mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine boosting, compared with homologous Ad26.COV2.S boosting. Homologous mRNA vaccine boosting generates nearly equivalent neutralizing activity against Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 but modestly reduced neutralizing activity against BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 compared with BA.1. These results have implications for boosting requirements to protect against Omicron and future variants of SARS-CoV-2. This trial was conducted under ClincalTrials.gov: NCT04889209.

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