Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 <b>(</b> Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure

Catherine J. Reynolds(Imperial College London), Corinna Pade(Queen Mary University of London), Joseph M. Gibbons(Queen Mary University of London), Ashley Otter(UK Health Security Agency), Kai‐Min Lin(Imperial College London), Diana Mūnoz Sandoval(Imperial College London), Franziska P. Pieper(Imperial College London), David K. Butler(Imperial College London), Siyi Liu(Imperial College London), George Joy(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Nasim Forooghi(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Thomas A. Treibel(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Charlotte Manisty(St Bartholomew's Hospital), James Moon(St Bartholomew's Hospital), COVIDsortium Investigators§(UK Health Security Agency), COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network§(UK Health Security Agency), Amanda Semper(Queen Mary University of London), Tim Brooks(UK Health Security Agency), Áine McKnight(Queen Mary University of London), Daniel M. Altmann(Imperial College London), Rosemary J. Boyton(Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust), Hakam Abbass, Aderonke Abiodun, Mashael Alfarih(Imperial College London), Zoe Alldis, Daniel M. Altmann(Imperial College London), Oliver E. Amin, Mervyn Andiapen, Jessica Artico, João B. Augusto, Georgina L. Baca, Sasha N. L. Bailey, Anish Bhuva, Alex Boulter(Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust), Ruth Bowles, Rosemary J. Boyton(Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust), Olivia V. Bracken(UK Health Security Agency), Benjamin O’Brien, Tim Brooks(UK Health Security Agency), Natalie Bullock, David K. Butler(Imperial College London), Gabriella Captur, Olívia Carr, Nicola Champion, Carmen K. M. Chan, Aneesh Chandran, Tom W. Coleman, Jorge Couto de Sousa, Xosé Couto‐Parada, Eleanor R. Cross, Teresa Cutiño‐Moguel, Silvia D’Arcangelo, Rhodri Davies, Brooke Douglas, Cecilia Di Genova, Keenan Dieobi-Anene, Mariana O. Diniz, Anaya Ellis, Karen Feehan, Malcolm Finlay(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Marianna Fontana, Nasim Forooghi(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Sasha Francis(Imperial College London), Joseph M. Gibbons(Queen Mary University of London), David Gillespie, Derek W. Gilroy, Matt Hamblin, Gabrielle Harker, Georgia Hemingway, Jacqueline Hewson, Wendy Heywood, Lauren M. Hickling, Bethany Hicks, Aroon D. Hingorani, Lee Hamill Howes, Ivie Itua, Victor Jardim, Wing-Yiu Jason Lee, Melaniepetra Jensen, Jessica Jones(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Meleri Jones, George Joy(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Vikas Kapil, Caoimhe Kelly, Hibba Kurdi(Imperial College London), Jonathan Lambourne(Imperial College London), Kai-Min Lin(Imperial College London), Siyi Liu(Imperial College London), Aaron Lloyd, Sarah Louth, Mala K. Maini(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Vineela Mandadapu(Queen Mary University of London), Charlotte Manisty(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Áine McKnight(Queen Mary University of London), Katia Menacho, Celina Mfuko, Ken Mills, Sebastian Millward(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Oliver Mitchelmore(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Christopher Moon(Imperial College London), James Moon(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Diana Muñoz Sandoval(Imperial College London), Sam M. Murray(UK Health Security Agency), Mahdad Noursadeghi(Queen Mary University of London), Ashley Otter(UK Health Security Agency), Corinna Pade(Queen Mary University of London), Susana Palma, Ruth Parker, Kush Patel, Mihaela Pawarova, Steffen E. Petersen(Imperial College London), Brian Piniera, Franziska P. Pieper(Imperial College London), Lisa Rannigan(Imperial College London), Alicja Rapala, Catherine J. Reynolds(Imperial College London), Amy Richards, Matthew Robathan, Joshua Rosenheim, Cathy Rowe, Matthew Royds, Jane Sackville West, Genine Sambile, Nathalie Schmidt(UK Health Security Agency), Hannah Selman, Amanda Semper(UK Health Security Agency), Andreas Seraphim, Mihaela Simion, Angelique Smit, Michelle A. Sugimoto, Leo Swadling, Stephen Taylor(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Nigel Temperton, Stephen J. Thomas(St Bartholomew's Hospital), George Thornton, Thomas A. Treibel(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Art Tucker, Ann Varghese, Jessry Veerapen(UK Health Security Agency), Mohit Vijayakumar, Timothy D. Warner, Sophie Welch, Hannah White, Theresa Wodehouse(Imperial College London), Lucinda Wynne, Dan Zahedi(St Bartholomew's Hospital), Benny Chain, James Moon(St Bartholomew's Hospital)
Science
June 14, 2022
10.1126/science.abq1841
Cited by 357Open Access
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Abstract

The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against severe disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T and B cell immunity against B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) with different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories. B and T cell immunity against previous variants of concern was enhanced in triple-vaccinated individuals, but the magnitude of T and B cell responses against B.1.1.529 spike protein was reduced. Immune imprinting by infection with the earlier B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant resulted in less durable binding antibody against B.1.1.529. Previously infection-naïve HCWs who became infected during the B.1.1.529 wave showed enhanced immunity against earlier variants but reduced nAb potency and T cell responses against B.1.1.529 itself. Previous Wuhan Hu-1 infection abrogated T cell recognition and any enhanced cross-reactive neutralizing immunity on infection with B.1.1.529.

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