2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction

Ifan E. L. Stephens(Imperial College London), Karen Chan(Technical University of Denmark), Alexander Bagger(University of Copenhagen), Shannon W. Boettcher(University of Oregon), Julien Bonin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Etienne Boutin(École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Aya K. Buckley, Raffaella Buonsanti(École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Etosha R. Cave, Xiaoxia Chang(Peking University), See Wee Chee(Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society), Alisson H. M. da Silva(Leiden University), Phil De Luna(National Research Council Canada), Oliver Einsle(University of Freiburg), Balázs Endrődi(University of Szeged), María Escudero‐Escribano(University of Copenhagen), Jorge V Ferreira de Araujo, Marta C. Figueiredo(Eindhoven University of Technology), Christopher Hahn(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), Kentaro U. Hansen(University of Delaware), Sophia Haussener(École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Sara Hunegnaw, Ziyang Huo, Yun Jeong Hwang(Seoul National University), Csaba Janáky(University of Szeged), Buddhinie Srimali Jayathilake(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), Feng Jiao(University of Delaware), Zarko P. Jovanov, Parisa Karimi(National Research Council Canada), Marc T. M. Koper(Leiden University), Kendra P. Kuhl, Woong Hee Lee(Seoul National University), Zhiqin Liang(Leiden University), Xuan Liu(Leiden University), Sichao Ma, Ming Ma(Xi'an Jiaotong University), Hyung‐Suk Oh(Kyung Hee University), Marc Robert(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Beatriz Roldán Cuenya(Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society), Jan Rossmeisl(University of Copenhagen), Claudie Roy(National Research Council Canada), Mary P. Ryan(Imperial College London), Edward H. Sargent(University of Toronto), Paula Sebastián‐Pascual(University of Copenhagen), Brian Seger(Technical University of Denmark), Ludmilla Steier(University of Oxford), Peter Strasser(Technische Universität Berlin), Ana Sofía Varela, Rafaël E. Vos(Leiden University), Xue Wang(University of Toronto), Bingjun Xu(Peking University), Hossein Yadegari(Imperial College London), Yuxiang Zhou(Imperial College London)
Journal of Physics Energy
June 13, 2022
10.1088/2515-7655/ac7823
Cited by 225Open Access
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Abstract

Abstract Electrochemical CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R) is an attractive option for storing renewable electricity and for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels. In this roadmap, we review recent progress in fundamental understanding, catalyst development, and in engineering and scale-up. We discuss the outstanding challenges towards commercialization of electrochemical CO 2 R technology: energy efficiencies, selectivities, low current densities, and stability. We highlight the opportunities in establishing rigorous standards for benchmarking performance, advances in in operando characterization, the discovery of new materials towards high value products, the investigation of phenomena across multiple-length scales and the application of data science towards doing so. We hope that this collective perspective sparks new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer towards establishing a low- or zero-emission carbon cycle.

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