Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Rachel Ε. Neale(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Paul W. Barnes(Loyola University New Orleans), T. Matthew Robson(University of Helsinki), Patrick J. Neale(Smithsonian Environmental Research Center), Craig E. Williamson(Miami University), Richard G. Zepp(Environmental Protection Agency), Stephen R. Wilson(University of Wollongong), S. Madronich(NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research), Anthony L. Andrady(North Carolina State University), Anu Heikkilä(Finnish Meteorological Institute), G. Bernhard(Biospherical Instruments (United States)), Alkiviadis Bais(Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), P. J. Aucamp, Anastazia T. Banaszak(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Janet F. Bornman(Murdoch University), Laura S. Bruckman(Case Western Reserve University), Scott N. Byrne(The University of Sydney), Bente Foereid(Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research), Donat‐Peter Häder, Loes M. Hollestein(Erasmus MC Cancer Institute), Wen-Che Hou(National Cheng Kung University), Samuel Hylander(Linnaeus University), Marcel A. K. Jansen(University College Cork), Andrew Klekociuk(Australian Antarctic Division), Ben Liley(National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), Janice Longstreth, Robyn Lucas(Australian National University), Javier Martínez‐Abaigar(Universidad de La Rioja), Kristopher McNeill(ETH Zurich), Catherine M. Olsen(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Krishna K. Pandey(Institute of Wood Science and Technology), Lesley E. Rhodes(University of Manchester), Sharon A. Robinson(University of Wollongong), Kevin C. Rose(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Tamara Schikowski(Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine), Keith R. Solomon(University of Guelph), Barbara Sulzberger(Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), J. E. Ukpebor(University of Benin), Qingwei Wang(Chinese Academy of Sciences), Sten‐Åke Wängberg(University of Gothenburg), Christopher C. White, Seyhan Yazar(Garvan Institute of Medical Research), Antony R. Young(King's College London), Paul J. Young(Lancaster University), Liping Zhu(Donghua University), Meifang Zhu(Donghua University)
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
January 1, 2021
10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x
Cited by 215Open Access
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Abstract

Abstract This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.

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