Features of pathological anatomy of COVID-19 according to autopsy results in the Volgograd Region

Abstract

In connection with the ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection, the study of its morphopathology and the analysis of autopsy data are relevant. At the same time, attention should be paid to thromboses that play a significant role in the development of fatal outcomes in COVID-19, even taking into account the prescription of anticoagulant therapy to most patients. OBJECTIVE: To make an assessment of morphological changes and a statistical analysis of the structure of mortality in COVID-19 on the basis of autopsy results in the Volgograd Region in 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on data from «The system for information on the work of the Volgograd Regional Autopsy Bureau» with a search for cases according to U07.1 code (the COVID-19 virus was identified) in January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, as well as on the autopsy materials of the Volgograd Regional Autopsy Bureau, and microscopic examination with photo fixation. Statistical processing was performed using the R programming language. RESULTS: During the above period, 1119 deaths were identified with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Anatomopathological examination of the autopsy material showed that 77.54% of cases had blood clots mainly in the vessels of the pulmonary microvasculature, often only in the single veins during the applied anticoagulant therapy. <0.05) than their absence, as evidenced by logistic regression. In addition, perivascular and intra-alveolar diapedesis hemorrhages were noted in most fatal cases. CONCLUSION: Thus, this investigation has revealed that the high frequency of thrombosis detected in the presence of perivascular and intra-alveolar diapedesis hemorrhages in COVID-19 confirms the tendency of patients with a severe course of the disease to manifest hemostatic disorders, significant blood vascular endothelial injury, and obvious vascular impermeability.