Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017
Christina Fitzmaurice(University of Washington), Degu Abate(Haramaya University), Naghmeh Abbasi(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Hedayat Abbastabar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Foad Abd-Allah(Cairo University), Omar Abdel‐Rahman(Ain Shams University), Ahmed Abdelalim(Cairo University), Amir Abdoli(Jahrom University), Ibrahim Abdollahpour(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Abdishakur S. M. Abdulle(New York University Abu Dhabi), Nebiyu Dereje Abebe(Wachemo University), Haftom Niguse Abraha(Mekelle University), Laith J. Abu‐Raddad(Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar), Ahmed Abualhasan(Cairo University), Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji(Olabisi Onabanjo University), Shailesh M Advani(National Institutes of Health), Mohsen Afarideh(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mahdi Afshari(Zabol University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Aghaali(Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services), Dominic Agius(Ministry for Health), Sutapa Agrawal(Public Health Foundation of India), Ayat Ahmadi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Elham Ahmadian(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Ehsan Ahmadpour(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Muktar Beshir Ahmed(Jimma University), Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Tomi Akinyemiju(Duke University), Ziyad Al‐Aly(Washington University in St. Louis), Assim M. AlAbdulKader(Case Western Reserve University), Fares Alahdab(Mayo Clinic), Shazia Alam(University of Washington), Genet Melak Alamene(Madda Walabu University), Birhan Alemnew(Woldia University), Kefyalew Addis Alene(Australian National University), Cyrus Alinia(Urmia University), Vahid Alipour(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Syed Mohamed Aljunid(Universiti Tun Abdul Razak), Fatemeh Allah Bakeshei, Majid A. Almadi(King Saud University), Amir Almasi‐Hashiani(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Ubai Alsharif(Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum), Shirina Alsowaidi(United Arab Emirates University), Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán(University of Cartagena), Erfan Amini(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Saeed Amini(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Yaw Ampem Amoako(Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Zohreh Anbari(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Nahla Anber(Mansoura University), Cătălina Liliana Andrei(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Mina Anjomshoa(Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences), Fereshteh Ansari(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Ansariadi Ansariadi(Hasanuddin University), Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah(Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Morteza Arab‐Zozani(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Jalal Arabloo(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Zohreh Arefi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Olatunde Aremu(Birmingham City University), Habtamu Abera Areri(Addis Ababa University), Al Artaman(University of Manitoba), Hamid Asayesh(Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services), Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw(Mekelle University), Alebachew Fasil Ashagre(University of Gondar), Reza Assadi(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Bahar Ataeinia(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Hagos Tasew Atalay(Aksum University), Zerihun Ataro(Haramaya University), Suleman Atique(University of Lahore), Marcel Ausloos(University of Leicester), Leticia Ávila‐Burgos(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Euripide Avokpaho(Clinical Research Institute), Ashish Awasthi(Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar), Nefsu Awoke(Wolaita Sodo University), Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla(La Trobe University), Martin Amogre Ayanore(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Henok Tadesse Ayele(Dilla University), Ebrahim Babaee(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Umar Bacha(University of Management and Technology), Alaa Badawi(Public Health Agency of Canada), Mojtaba Bagherzadeh(Sharif University of Technology), Eleni Bagli(University Hospital of Ioannina), Senthilkumar Balakrishnan(Haramaya University), Abbas Balouchi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Till Bärnighausen(Harvard University), Robert J. Battista, Masoud Behzadifar(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Meysam Behzadifar(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Bayu Begashaw Bekele(Mizan Tepi University), Yared Belete Belay(Universidad Del Valle De Cuernavaca), Yaschilal Muche Belayneh(Wollo University), Kathleen Berfield(University of Washington), Adugnaw Berhane(Addis Ababa University), Eduardo Bernabé(King's College London), Mircea Beuran(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Nickhill Bhakta(St. Jude Children's Research Hospital), Krittika Bhattacharyya(National Institute of Biomedical Genomics), Belete Biadgo(University of Gondar), Ali Bijani(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed(Australian National University), Charles Birungi(University College London), Catherine Bisignano(University of Washington), Helen Bitew(Mekelle University), Tone Bjørge(Cancer Registry of Norway), Archie Bleyer(Oregon Health & Science University), Kassawmar Angaw Bogale(Bahir Dar University), Hunduma Amensisa Bojia(Haramaya University), Antonio Maria Borzì(University of Catania), Cristina Bosetti(Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research), Ibrahim R. Bou-Orm(Ministry of Public Health), Hermann Brenner(German Cancer Research Center), Jerry D. Brewer(Mayo Clinic), Andrey Briko(Bauman Moscow State Technical University), Н. И. Брико(Sechenov University), Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira(Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora), Zahid A Butt(University of British Columbia), Giulia Carreras, Juan Jesús Carrero(Karolinska Institutet), Félix Carvalho(Universidade do Porto), Clara Castro(University of Cartagena), Franz Castro(Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud), Ferrán Catalá-López(Ottawa Hospital), Ester Cerin(Australian Catholic University), Yazan Chaiah(Alfaisal University), Wagaye Fentahun Chanie(University of Gondar), Vijay Kumar Chattu(University of Alberta), Pankaj Chaturvedi(Tata Memorial Hospital), Neelima Singh Chauhan, Mohammad Chehrazi(Royan Institute), Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang(Gold Coast Health), Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu(Wolaita Sodo University), Onyema Greg Chido‐Amajuoyi, Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir(University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan), Jee-Young Jasmine Choi(Seoul National University Hospital), Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher(Christian Medical College, Vellore), Dinh‐Toi Chu(Oslo University Hospital), María Magdalena Constantin(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Vera Marisa Costa(Universidade do Porto), Emanuele Crocetti(Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori), Christopher S. Crowe(University of Washington), María Paula Curado(AC Camargo Hospital), Saad M A Dahlawi(Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University), Giovanni Damiani(Case Western Reserve University), Amira Hamed Darwish(Tanta University), Ahmad Daryani(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), José das Neves(Universidade do Porto), Feleke Mekonnen Demeke(Bahir Dar University), Asmamaw Demis(Jimma University), Birhanu Wondimeneh Demissie(Wolaita Sodo University), Gebre Teklemariam Demoz(Addis Ababa University), Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Afshin Derakhshani(Birjand University of Medical Sciences), Kalkidan Solomon Deribe(Addis Ababa University), Rupak Desai(Veterans Health Administration), Beruk Berhanu Desalegn(Hawassa University), Melaku Desta(Debre Berhan University), Subhojit Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne(University of Peradeniya), Meghnath Dhimal(Nepal Health Research Council), Daniel Díaz(Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa), Mesfin Tadese Dinberu(Debre Berhan University), Shirin Djalalinia(Ministry of Health and Medical Education), David Teye Doku(University of Cape Coast), Thomas M Drake(University of Edinburgh), Manisha Dubey(World Health Organization - India), Eleonora Dubljanin(University of Belgrade), Eyasu Ejeta Duken(Jimma University), Hedyeh Ebrahimi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Andem Effiong(University of Newcastle Australia), Aziz Eftekhari(University of Maragheh), Iman El Sayed(Alexandria University), Maysaa El Sayed Zaki(Mansoura University), Shaimaa I El-Jaafary(Cairo University), Ziad El‐Khatib(Karolinska Institutet), Demelash Abewa Elemineh(Debre Markos University), Hajer Elkout(University of Tripoli), Richard G. Ellenbogen(Seattle Children's Hospital), Aisha Elsharkawy(Cairo University), Mohammad Hassan Emamian(Shahroud University of Medical Sciences), Daniel Adane Endalew(Wolkite University), Aman Yesuf Endries(St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College), Babak Eshrati(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Ibtihal Fadhil(Ministry of Health), Vahid Fallah Omrani(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Mahbobeh Faramarzi(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Andrea Farioli(University of Bologna), Farshad Farzadfar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Netsanet Fentahun(Bahir Dar University), Eduarda Fernandes(Universidade do Porto), Garumma Tolu Feyissa(Jimma University), Irina Filip(Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center), Florian Fischer(Bielefeld University), James L. Fisher(The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute), Lisa M Force(St. Jude Children's Research Hospital), Masoud Foroutan, Marisa Freitas(Universidade do Porto), Takeshi Fukumoto(Kobe University), Neal D. Futran(University of Washington), Silvano Gallus(Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research), Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé(Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University), Reta Tsegaye Gayesa(Wollega University), Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot(Jimma University), Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel(Mekelle University), Getnet Gedefaw(Haramaya University), Belayneh K. Gelaw(Ambo University), Birhanu Geta(Wollo University), Sefonias Getachew(Addis Ababa University), Kebede Embaye Gezae(Mekelle University), Mansour Ghafourifard(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Alireza Ghajar(Massachusetts General Hospital), Ahmad Ghashghaee(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Asadollah Gholamian(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Paramjit Gill(University of Warwick), Themba G. Ginindza(University of KwaZulu-Natal), Alem Girmay(Aksum University), Muluken Gizaw(Addis Ababa University), Ricardo Santiago Gomez(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Sameer Vali Gopalani(Department of Health and Social Affairs), Giuseppe Gorini(Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention), Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Ayman Grada, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra(Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora), André Luiz Sena Guimarães(Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros), Prakash C. Gupta(Harvard University), Rahul Gupta(West Virginia University), Kishor Hadkhale(Tampere University), Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian(Johns Hopkins University), Arya Haj‐Mirzaian(Johns Hopkins University), Randah R Hamadeh(Arabian Gulf University), Samer Hamidi(Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University), Lolemo Kelbiso Hanfore(Wolaita Sodo University), Josep María Haro(Spanish Clinical Research Network), Milad Hasankhani(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Amir Hasanzadeh(University of Maragheh), Hamid Yimam Hassen(Mizan Tepi University), Roderick J. Hay(King's College London), Simon I Hay(University of Washington), Andualem Henok(Mizan Tepi University), Nathaniel J Henry(University of Washington), Claudiu Herţeliu(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Hagos Degefa Hidru(Adigrat University), Chi Linh Hoang(Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành), Michael K. Hole(The University of Texas at Austin), Praveen Hoogar(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Nobuyuki Horita(National Institutes of Health), Hung Chak Ho(Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Mostafa Hosseini(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mehdi Hosseinzadeh(Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch), Mihaela Hostiuc(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Sorin Hostiuc(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Mowafa Househ(Hamad bin Khalifa University), Mohammedaman Mama Hussen(Arba Minch University), Bogdan Vasile Ileanu(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Milena Ilić(University of Kragujevac), Kaire Innos(National Institute for Health Development), Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani(Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences), Kufre Robert Iseh(Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto), Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam(The University of Sydney), Farhad Islami(American Cancer Society), Nader Jafari Balalami(Babol Noshirvani University of Technology), Morteza Jafarinia(Isfahan University of Medical Sciences), Leila Jahangiry(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Ali Jahani(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Nader Jahanmehr(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Mihajlo Jakovljević(University of Kragujevac), Spencer L James(University of Washington), Mehdi Javanbakht(Newcastle University), Sudha Jayaraman(Virginia Commonwealth University), Sun Ha Jee(Harvard University), Ensiyeh Jenabi(Hamedan University of Medical Sciences), Ravi Prakash Jha(Banaras Hindu University), Jost B Jonas(Beijing Tongren Hospital), Jitendra Jonnagaddala(New South Wales Department of Health), Tamás Joó(Semmelweis University), Suresh Jungari(Savitribai Phule Pune University), Mikk Jürisson(University of Tartu), Ali Kabir(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Farin Kamangar(Morgan State University), André Karch(University of Münster), Narges Karimi(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Ansar Karimian(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Amir Kasaeian(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun(Aksum University), Belete Kassa(Addis Ababa University), Tesfaye Kassa(Mekelle University), Mesfin Wudu Kassaw(Woldia University), Anil Kaul(Oklahoma State University), Peter Njenga Keiyoro(University of Nairobi), Abraham Getachew Kelbore(Wolaita Sodo University), Amene Abebe Kerbo(Madda Walabu University), Yousef Khader(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Maryam Khalilarjmandi(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Ejaz Ahmad Khan(Health Services Academy), Gulfaraz Khan(United Arab Emirates University), Young-Ho Khang(Seoul National University Hospital), Khaled Khatab(Ohio University), Amir M Khater(National Water Research Center), Maryam Khayamzadeh(Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences), Maryam Khazaee-Pool(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Salman Khazaei(Hamedan University of Medical Sciences), Abdullah T Khoja(Johns Hopkins University), Mohammad Hossein Khosravi(Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences), Jagdish Khubchandani(Ball State University), Neda Kianipour(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Daniel Kim(Northeastern University), Yun Jin Kim(Xiamen University Malaysia), Adnan Kısa(University of South Carolina), Sezer Kısa(OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University), Katarzyna Kissimova‐Skarbek(Jagiellonian University), Hamidreza Komaki(Hamedan University of Medical Sciences), Ai Koyanagi(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Kristopher J Krohn(University of Washington), Burcu Küçük Biçer(Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi), Nuworza Kugbey(University of Health and Allied Sciences), Vivek Kumar(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Desmond Kuupiel(University of KwaZulu-Natal), Carlo La Vecchia, Deepesh Lad(Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), Eyasu Alem Lake(Wolaita Sodo University), Ayenew Molla Lakew(University of Gondar), Dharmesh Kumar Lal(Public Health Foundation of India), Faris Lami, Qing Lan(National Cancer Institute), Savita Lasrado(Father Muller Medical College Hospital), Paolo Lauriola(Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica), Jeffrey V. Lazarus(Barcelona Institute for Global Health), James Leigh(The University of Sydney), Cheru Tesema Leshargie(Debre Markos University), Yu Liao(Sun Yat-sen University), Miteku Andualem Limenih(University of Gondar), Stefan Listl(Radboud University Nijmegen), Alan D Lopez(The University of Melbourne), Platon D Lopukhov(Sechenov University), Raimundas Lunevičius(National Health Service), Mohammed Madadin(Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University), Sameh Magdeldin(Suez Canal University), Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek(Damietta University), Azeem Majeed(Imperial College London), Afshin Maleki(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Reza Malekzadeh(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Ali Manafi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Navid Manafi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Wondimu Ayele Manamo(Addis Ababa University), Morteza Mansourian(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Alì Mansournia(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), LG Mantovani(University of Milano-Bicocca), Saman Maroufizadeh(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Santi Martini(Airlangga University), Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson(University of KwaZulu-Natal), Benjamin B. Massenburg(University of Washington), Motswadi Titus Maswabi(University of Botswana), Manu Raj Mathur(University College London), Colm McAlinden(Hywel Dda University Health Board), Martin McKee(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine), Hailemariam Abiy Alemu Meheretu(Bahir Dar University), Ravi Mehrotra(National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research), Varshil Mehta, Toni Meier(Supply Chain Competence Center (Germany)), Yohannes Adama Melaku(The University of Adelaide), Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles(Arba Minch University), Hagazi Gebre Meles(Mekelle University), Addisu Melese(Bahir Dar University), Mulugeta Melku(University of Gondar), Peter Memiah(University of West Florida), Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes(Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University), Shahin Merat(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Tuomo J Meretoja(University of Helsinki), Tomislav Meštrović(University North), Bartosz Miazgowski(Pomeranian Medical University), Tomasz Miazgowski(Pomeranian Medical University), Kebadnew Mulatu M. Mihretie(Bahir Dar University), Ted R. Miller(Curtin University), Edward J Mills(Impact), Seyed Mostafa Mir(Golestan University), Hamed Mirzaei(Kashan University of Medical Sciences), Hamid Reza Mirzaei(Kashan University of Medical Sciences), Rashmi Mishra(University of Washington), Babak Moazen(Goethe University Frankfurt), Dara K. Mohammad(Karolinska Institutet), Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad(Salahaddin University-Erbil), Yousef Mohammad(King Saud University), Aso Mohammad Darwesh(University of Human Development), Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi(Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services), Hiwa Mohammadi(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Moslem Mohammadi(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Mahdi Mohammadian(Bushehr University of Medical Sciences), Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences), Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani(Tarbiat Modares University), Reza Mohammadpourhodki(Shahroud University of Medical Sciences), Ammas Siraj Mohammed(Haramaya University), Jemal Mohammed(Samara University), Shafiu Mohammed(Ahmadu Bello University), Farnam Mohebi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Ali H. Mokdad(University of Washington), Lorenzo Monasta(IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo), Yoshan Moodley(University of KwaZulu-Natal), Mahmood Moosazadeh(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Maryam Moossavi(Birjand University of Medical Sciences), Ghobad Moradi(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Moradi-Joo(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Farhad Moradpour(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Lídia Morawska(Queensland University of Technology), Joana Morgado-da-Costa(Hospital de Santo António), Naho Morisaki(National Center For Child Health and Development), Shane D. Morrison(University of Washington), Abbas Mosapour(Tarbiat Modares University), Seyyed Meysam Mousavi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Achenef Asmamaw Muche(University of Gondar), Oumer Sada Muhammed(Addis Ababa University), Jonah Musa(Northwestern University), Ashraf Nabhan(Ain Shams University), Mehdi Naderi(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Gabriele Nagel(Universität Ulm), Azin Nahvijou(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Gurudatta Naik(University of Alabama at Birmingham), Farid Najafi(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Luigi Naldi(Centro Studi GISED), Hae‐Sung Nam(Chungnam National University), Naser Nasiri(University of Jiroft), Javad Nazari(Arak University of Medical Sciences), Ionuţ Negoi(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Subas Neupane(Tampere University), Polly A. Newcomb(University of Washington), Haruna Asura Nggada(University of Maiduguri), Josephine W Ngunjiri(University of Embu), Cuong Tat Nguyen(Duy Tan University), Leila Nikniaz(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum(State University of Semarang), Yirga Legesse Nirayo(Mekelle University), Molly R Nixon(University of Washington), Chukwudi A Nnaji(South African Medical Research Council), Marzieh Nojomi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Shirin Nosratnejad(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammed Suleiman Obsa(Wolaita Sodo University), Richard Ofori‐Asenso(Monash University), Felix Akpojene Ogbo(Translational Research Institute), In‐Hwan Oh(Kyung Hee University), Andrew T Olagunju(University of Lagos), Tinuke O Olagunju(McMaster University), Mojisola Oluwasanu(University of Ibadan), Abidemi Omonisi(Ekiti State University), Obinna Onwujekwe(University of Nigeria), Anu Mary Oommen(Christian Medical College, Vellore), Eyal Oren(University of Washington), Doris V Ortega-Altamirano(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Erika Ota(St. Luke's International University), Stanislav S Otstavnov(Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology), Mayowa Owolabi(University of Ibadan), P A Mahesh(JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Jagadish Rao Padubidri(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Smita Pakhalé(Ottawa Hospital), Amir H. Pakpour(Qazvin University of Medical Sciences), Adrian Pană(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Eun‐Kee Park(Kosin University), Hadi Parsian(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Tahereh Pashaei(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Shanti Patel(Maimonides Medical Center), Snehal T Patil(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University), Alyssa Pennini(University of Washington), David M. Pereira(University of Cartagena), Cristiano Piccinelli(Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention), Julian David Pillay(Durban University of Technology), Majid Pirestani(Tarbiat Modares University), Farhad Pishgar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Maarten J. Postma(University Medical Center Groningen), Hadi Pourjafar(University of Maragheh), Farshad Pourmalek(University of British Columbia), Akram Pourshams(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Swayam Prakash(Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Narayan Prasad(Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Mostafa Qorbani(Jahrom University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Rabiee(Amirkabir University of Technology), Navid Rabiee(Sharif University of Technology), Amir Radfar(A.T. Still University), Alireza Rafiei(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Fakher Rahim(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Mahdi Rahimi(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Muhammad Aziz Rahman(Deakin University), Fatemeh Rajati(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Saleem M. Rana(University of Health Sciences Lahore), Samira Raoofi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Goura Kishor Rath(All India Institute of Medical Sciences), David Laith Rawaf(Royal London Hospital), Salman Rawaf(Public Health England), Robert C. Reiner(University of Washington), André M. N. Renzaho(Western Sydney University), Nima Rezaei(Universal Scientific Education and Research Network), Aziz Rezapour(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Ana Isabel Ribeiro(Universidade do Porto), Daniela Ribeiro(Universidade do Porto), Luca Ronfani(IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo), Elias Merdassa Roro(Wollega University), Gholamreza Roshandel(Golestan University), Ali Rostami(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Ragy Saad, Parisa Sabbagh(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Siamak Sabour(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Basema Saddik(University of Sharjah), Saeid Safiri(University of Maragheh), Amirhossein Sahebkar(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Farkhonde Salehi(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Hosni Salem(Cairo University), Marwa Rashad Salem(Cairo University), Hamideh Salimzadeh(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Joshua A. Salomon(Stanford University), Abdallah M Samy(Ain Shams University), Juan Sanabria(Case Western Reserve University), Milena M Santric-Milicevic(University of Belgrade), Benn Sartorius(University of Washington), Arash Sarveazad(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Brijesh Sathian(Hamad Medical Corporation), Maheswar Satpathy(Utkal University), Miloje Savic(Q-Biologicals (Belgium)), Monika Sawhney(University of North Carolina at Charlotte), Mehdi Sayyah(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Ben Schöttker(German Cancer Research Center), Mario Šekerija(University of Zagreb), Sadaf G Sepanlou(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences), Masood Sepehrimanesh(Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Faramarz Shaahmadi(Jahrom University of Medical Sciences), Hosein Shabaninejad(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Mohammad Shahbaz(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Masood Ali Shaikh, Amir Shamshirian(Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), Morteza Shamsizadeh(Hamedan University of Medical Sciences), Heidar Sharafi(Middle East Liver Disease Center), Zeinab Sharafi(Lorestan University of Medical Sciences), Mehdi Sharif(Islamic Azad University Sari Branch), Ali Sharifi(Kerman University of Medical Sciences), Hamid Sharifi(Kerman University of Medical Sciences), Rajesh Sharma(Delhi Technological University), Aziz Sheikh(Harvard University), Reza Shirkoohi(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Sharvari Shukla(Symbiosis International University), Si Si(Monash University), Soraya Siabani(University of Technology Sydney), Diego Augusto Santos Silva(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira(Universidade de Brasília), Ambrish Singh(University of Tasmania), Jasvinder A. Singh(University of Alabama at Birmingham), Solomon Sisay, Freddy Sitas(The University of Sydney), Eugène Sobngwi(Université de Yaoundé I), Moslem Soofi(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Joan B. Soriano(Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan(Ahmadu Bello University), Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos(Universitat de València), Takahiro Tabuchi(Osaka International Cancer Institute), Ken Takahashi(The University of Sydney), Omid Reza Tamtaji(Kashan University of Medical Sciences), Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh(Jordan University of Science and Technology), Segen Gebremeskel Tassew(Mekelle University), Parvaneh Taymoori(Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Mohamad‐Hani Temsah(Alfaisal University), Omar Temsah(Alfaisal University), Berhe Etsay Tesfay(Adigrat University), Fisaha Haile Tesfay(Flinders University), Manaye Yihune Teshale(Arba Minch University), Gizachew Assefa Tessema(The University of Adelaide), Subash Thapa(University of Southern Denmark), Kenean Getaneh Tlaye(Woldia University), Roman Topór-Mądry(Jagiellonian University), Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone(Universidade de São Paulo), Eugenio Traini(IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo), Bach Xuan Tran(Hanoi Medical University), Khanh Bao Tran(University of Auckland), Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik(Mekelle University), Irfan Ullah(Gomal University), Olalekan A. Uthman(University of Warwick), Marco Vacante(University of Catania), Maryam Vaezi(Alzahra Medical and Education Center), Patricia Varona Pérez(Barcelona Institute for Global Health), Yousef Veisani(Medical University of Ilam), Simone Vidale(Ospedale Sant'Anna), Francesco Saverio Violante(IRCCS Azienda Ospedliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola), Vasily Vlassov(National Research University Higher School of Economics), Stein Emil Vollset(University of Washington), Theo Vos(University of Washington), Kia Vosoughi(Johns Hopkins University), Giang Thu Vu(Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành), Isidora S Vujcic(University of Belgrade), Henry Wabinga(Makerere University), Tesfahun Mulatu Wachamo(Woldia University), Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew(Debre Markos University), Yasir Waheed(Foundation University Medical College), Fitsum Weldegebreal(Haramaya University), Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel(Aksum University), Tissa Wijeratne(The University of Melbourne), Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash(Addis Ababa University), Tewodros Eshete Wonde(Debre Markos University), Adam Wondmieneh(Wollo University), Hailemariam Mekonnen Workie(Bahir Dar University), Rajaram Yadav(International Institute for Population Sciences), Abbas Yadegar(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Ali Yadollahpour(Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences), Mehdi Yaseri(Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Vahid Yazdi‐Feyzabadi(Kerman University of Medical Sciences), Alex Yeshaneh(Wolkite University), Mohammed Yimam(Woldia University), Ebrahim M Yimer(Mekelle University), Engida Yisma(Addis Ababa University), Naohiro Yonemoto(National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry), Mustafa Z Younis(Jackson State University), Bahman Yousefi(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences), Mahmoud Yousefifard(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Chuanhua Yu(Wuhan University), Erfan Zabeh(Sharif University of Technology), Vesna Zadnik(Institute of Oncology Ljubljana), Telma Zahirian Moghadam(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Zoubida Zaidi(Centre Hospito Universitaire de Sétif), Mohammad Zamani(Babol University of Medical Sciences), Hamed Zandian(Ardabil University of Medical Sciences), Alireza Zangeneh(Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), Leila Zaki(Tarbiat Modares University), Kazem Zendehdel(Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe(Mekelle University), Taye Abuhay Zewale(Bahir Dar University), Arash Ziapour(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Sanjay Zodpey(Public Health Foundation of India), Christopher J L Murray(University of Washington)
Cited by 2,658Open Access
Abstract
<h3>Importance</h3> Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. <h3>Findings</h3> In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.
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