The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Giulio Castelpietra, Ann Kristin Knudsen(Norwegian Institute of Public Health), Emilie Agardh(Karolinska Institutet), Benedetta Armocida, Massimiliano Beghi(Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Della Romagna), Kim Moesgaard Iburg(Aarhus University), Giancarlo Logroscino(University of Bari Aldo Moro), Rui Ma(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation), Fabrizio Starace(Azienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena), Nicholas Steel(University of East Anglia), Giovanni Addolorato(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Cătălina Liliana Andrei(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Tudorel Andrei(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos(Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Maciej Banach(Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute), Till Bärnighausen(University Hospital Heidelberg), Francesco Barone‐Adesi(Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”), Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula(United Arab Emirates University), Félix Carvalho(Universidade do Porto), Márcia Carvalho(Universidade do Porto), Joht Singh Chandan(University of Birmingham), Vijay Kumar Chattu(University of the West Indies), Rosa A S Couto(Universidade do Porto), Natália Martins, Paul I. Dargan(King's College London), Keshab Deuba(Karolinska Institutet), Diana Dias da Silva, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe(University of Ibadan), Eduarda Fernandes(Universidade do Porto), Pietro Ferrara(University of Milano-Bicocca), Florian Fischer(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin), Péter Gaál(Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania), Alessandro Gialluisi(Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo), Juanita A. Haagsma(Erasmus MC), Josep María Haro(Medical Research Network), M. Tasdik Hasan(University of Huddersfield), Syed Shahzad Hasan(University of Liverpool), Sorin Hostiuc(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Licia Iacoviello(Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo), Ivo Iavicoli(University of Naples Federico II), Elham Jamshidi, Jost B Jonas(Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel), Tamás Joó(Semmelweis University), Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak(University of Opole), Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi(University of Glasgow), Joonas H. Kauppila(Karolinska Institutet), Moien AB Khan(London North West Healthcare NHS Trust), Adnan Kısa(Høyskolen Kristiania), Sezer Kısa(OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University), Mika Kivimäki(University College London), Kamrun Nahar Koly(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine), Ai Koyanagi(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Manasi Kumar(University College London), Tea Lallukka(University of Helsinki), Berthold Langguth(University of Regensburg), Caterina Ledda(University of Catania), Paul H. Lee(University of Leicester), Ilaria Lega, Christine Linehan(University College Dublin), Joana A. Loureiro(Polytechnic Institute of Porto), Áurea Madureira-Carvalho(Universidade do Porto), José Martı́nez-Raga(Universitat de València), Manu Raj Mathur(University of Liverpool), John J. McGrath(Aarhus University), Enkeleint A. Mechili(University of Vlora "Ismail Qemali"), Alexios‐Fotios A. Mentis, Tomislav Meštrović(University North), Bartosz Miazgowski(Pomeranian Medical University), Andreea Mirică(Azienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena), Antonio Mirijello(Azienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena), Babak Moazen(Azienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena), Shafiu Mohammed(Technische Universität Berlin), Francesk Mulita(Azienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena), Gabriele Nagel(Azienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena), Ionuţ Negoi(Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest), Ruxandra Irina Negoi(Institute of Solid Mechanics), Vincent Ebuka Nwatah(University of East Anglia), Alicia Padrón‐Monedero(University of East Anglia), Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas(Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Shahina Pardhan(Medical University of Lodz), Maja Pasovic(Heidelberg University), Jay Patel(Harvard University), Ionela-Roxana Petcu(University of East Anglia), Marina Pinheiro(Public Health England), Richard Charles G Pollok(St George's, University of London), Maarten J. Postma(Public Health England), David Laith Rawaf(Public Health England), Salman Rawaf(Public Health England), Esperanza Romero‐Rodríguez(Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba), Luca Ronfani(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Dominic Sagoe(Public Health England), Francesco Sanmarchi(Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”), Michael P Schaub(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Nigussie Tadesse Sharew(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Rahman Shiri(Finnish Institute of Occupational Health), Farhad Shokraneh(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir(Columbia University), João Pedro Silva(Universidade do Porto), Renata Silva(Universidade do Porto), Bogdan Socea(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Miklós Szócska(Semmelweis University), Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Marco Torrado(Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy), Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone(Universidade de São Paulo), Tommi Vasankari(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Massimiliano Veroux(University of Catania), Russell Viner(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Andrea Werdecker(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Andrea Sylvia Winkler(Technical University of Munich), Simon I Hay(University of Washington), Alize J Ferrari(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation), Mohsen Naghavi(Bucharest University of Economic Studies), Peter Allebeck(Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Lorenzo Monasta(IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo)
The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
April 1, 2022
10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100341
Cited by 326Open Access
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Abstract

Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 - 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432-912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9-412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (-29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (-27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

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