Daily energy expenditure through the human life course
Herman Pontzer(Duke University), Yosuke Yamada(National Institute of Infectious Diseases), Hiroyuki Sagayama(University of Tsukuba), Philip N. Ainslie(Liverpool John Moores University), Lene Frost Andersen(University of Oslo), Liam Anderson(Manchester City Football Club), Lenore Arab(University of California, Los Angeles), Issad Baddou(Université Ibn-Tofail), Kweku Bedu-Addo(Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Ellen E. Blaak(Maastricht University), Stéphane Blanc(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Bonomi(Philips (Finland)), Carlijn V. C. Bouten(Maastricht University), Pascal Bovet(Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine), Maciej S. Buchowski(Vanderbilt University), Nancy F. Butte(Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine), Stefan Gerardus Camps(Maastricht University), Graeme L. Close(Liverpool John Moores University), Jamie A. Cooper(University of Wisconsin–Madison), Richard Cooper(Loyola University Chicago), Sai Krupa Das(Tufts University), Lara R. Dugas(Loyola University Chicago), Ulf Ekelund(Norwegian School of Sport Sciences), Sonja Entringer(University of California, Irvine), Terrence Forrester(University of the West Indies System), Barry W. Fudge(University of Glasgow), Annelies Goris(Maastricht University), Michael Gurven(University of California, Santa Barbara), Catherine Hambly(University of Aberdeen), Asmaa El Hamdouchi(Université Ibn-Tofail), Marjije B. Hoos(Maastricht University), Sumei Hu(Chinese Academy of Sciences), Noorjehan Joonas(Ministry of Health and Quality of Life), Annemiek M. Joosen(Maastricht University), Peter T. Katzmarzyk(Pennington Biomedical Research Center), Kitty P. Kempen(Maastricht University), Misaka Kimura(Kyoto University of Advanced Science), William E. Kraus(Duke University), Robert F. Kushner(Northwestern University), Estelle V. Lambert(University of Cape Town), William R. Leonard(Northwestern University), Nader Lessan(Imperial College London Diabetes Centre), Corby K. Martin(Pennington Biomedical Research Center), Anine Christine Medin(University of Oslo), Erwin P. Meijer(Maastricht University), James C. Morehen(Liverpool John Moores University), James P. Morton(Liverpool John Moores University), Marian L. Neuhouser(University of Washington), Teresa A. Nicklas(Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine), Robert Ojiambo(Moi University), Kirsi H. Pietiläinen(Helsinki University Hospital), Yannis Pitsiladis(University of Brighton), Jacob Plange‐Rhule(Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Guy Plasqui(Maastricht University), Ross L. Prentice(University of Washington), Roberto Rabinovich(The Queen's Medical Research Institute), Susan B. Racette(Washington University in St. Louis), David A. Raichlen(University of Southern California), Éric Ravussin(Pennington Biomedical Research Center), Rebecca M. Reynolds(The Queen's Medical Research Institute), Susan B. Roberts(Tufts University), Albertine J. Schuit(Tilburg University), Anders Sjödin(University of Copenhagen), Eric Stice(Stanford University), Samuel S. Urlacher(Baylor University), Giulio Valenti(Philips (Finland)), Ludo M. Van Etten(Maastricht University), Edgar van Mil(Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis), Jonathan C. K. Wells(Great Ormond Street Hospital), George Wilson(Liverpool John Moores University), Brian M. Wood(University of California, Los Angeles), Jack A. Yanovski(Office of Extramural Research), Tsukasa Yoshida(National Institute of Infectious Diseases), Xueying Zhang(University of Aberdeen), Alexia J. Murphy‐Alford(International Atomic Energy Agency), Cornelia Loechl(International Atomic Energy Agency), Amy Luke(Loyola University Chicago), Jennifer Rood(Pennington Biomedical Research Center), Dale A. Schoeller(University of Wisconsin–Madison), Klaas R. Westerterp(Maastricht University Medical Centre), William W. Wong(Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine), John R. Speakman(University of Aberdeen)
Cited by 571Open Access
Abstract
Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.
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