International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes
Héctor I. Michelena(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Alessandro Della Corte(University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"), Arturo Evangelista(Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca), Joseph J. Maleszewski(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), William D. Edwards(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Mary J. Roman(Cornell University), Richard B. Devereux(Cornell University), Borja Fernández(Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga), Federico M. Asch(MedStar Health), Alex J. Barker(Children's Hospital Colorado), Lilia M. Sierra-Galán(Centro Médico ABC), Laurent de Kerchove(Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc), Susan M. Fernandes(Stanford University), Paul W.M. Fedak(University of Calgary), Evaldas Girdauskas(Universität Hamburg), Victoria Delgado(Leiden University Medical Center), Suhny Abbara(Southwestern Medical Center), Emmanuel Lansac(Institute Mutualiste Montsouris), Siddharth K. Prakash(The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Malenka M. Bissell(University of Leeds), Bogdan A. Popescu(Ecolab (United Kingdom)), Michael D. Hope(University of California, San Francisco), Marta Sitges(Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Vinod H. Thourani(Valve (United States)), Phillippe Pibarot(Montreal Heart Institute), Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Patrizio Lancellotti(University of Liège), Michael A. Borger(Leipzig Heart Institute), John K. Forrest(Yale New Haven Hospital), John G. Webb(University of British Columbia), Dianna M. Milewicz(The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Raj Makkar, Martin B. Leon(Presbyterian Hospital), Stephen P. Sanders(Boston Children's Hospital), Michael Markl(Northwestern University), Victor A. Ferrari(University of Pennsylvania), William C. Roberts(Baylor University Medical Center), Jae‐Kwan Song(Ulsan College), Philipp Blanke(St. Paul's Hospital), Charles S. White(University of Maryland, Baltimore), Samuel C. Siu(Western University), Lars G. Svensson(Cleveland Clinic), Alan C. Braverman(Washington University in St. Louis), Joseph E. Bavaria(University of Pennsylvania), Thoralf M. Sundt(Massachusetts General Hospital), Gébrine El Khoury(Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc), Ruggero De Paulis(European Hospital), Maurice Enriquez‐Sarano(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Jeroen J. Bax(Leiden University Medical Center), Catherine M Otto(University of Washington), Hans‐Joachim Schäfers(Saarland University)
Cited by 201Open Access
Abstract
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.
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