Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Lydia M Haile(University of Washington), Kaloyan Kamenov(University of Washington), Paul Svitil Briant(University of Washington), Aislyn U Orji(University of Washington), Jaimie D Steinmetz(University of Washington), Amir Abdoli(University of Washington), Mohammad Abdollahı(University of Washington), Eman Abu‐Gharbieh(University of Washington), Ashkan Afshin(University of Washington), Haroon Ahmed(University of Washington), Tarik A. Rashid(University of Washington), Yonas Akalu(University of Washington), Fares Alahdab(University of Washington), Fahad Alanezi(University of Washington), Turki M Alanzi(University of Washington), Hanadi Al Hamad(University of Washington), Liaqat Ali(University of Washington), Vahid Alipour(University of Washington), Rajaa Al‐Raddadi(University of Washington), Hubert Amu(University of Washington), Jalal Arabloo(University of Washington), Morteza Arab‐Zozani(University of Washington), Judie Arulappan(University of Washington), Charlie Ashbaugh(University of Washington), Desta Debalkie Atnafu(University of Washington), Zaheer‐Ud‐Din Babar(University of Washington), Atif Amin Baig(University of Washington), Palash Chandra Banik(University of Washington), Till Bärnighausen(University of Washington), Amadou Barrow(University of Washington), Rose Bender(University of Washington), Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula(University of Washington), Nikha Bhardwaj(University of Washington), Pankaj Bhardwaj(University of Washington), Sadia Bibi(University of Washington), Ali Bijani(University of Washington), Katrin Burkart(University of Washington), Christopher R. Cederroth(University of Washington), Jaykaran Charan(University of Washington), Sonali G Choudhari(University of Washington), Dinh‐Toi Chu(University of Washington), Rosa A S Couto(University of Washington), Amare Belachew Dagnew(University of Washington), Baye Dagnew(University of Washington), Saad M A Dahlawi(University of Washington), Xiaochen Dai(University of Washington), Lalit Dandona(University of Washington), Rakhi Dandona(University of Washington), Assefa Desalew(University of Washington), Deepak Dhamnetiya(University of Washington), Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal(University of Washington), Meghnath Dhimal(University of Washington), Kerrie Doyle(University of Washington), Bruce Bartholow Duncan(University of Washington), Michael Ekholuenetale(University of Washington), Irina Filip(University of Washington), Florian Fischer(University of Washington), Richard C. Franklin(University of Washington), Abhay Gaidhane(University of Washington), Shilpa Gaidhane(University of Washington), Silvano Gallus(University of Washington), Farhad Ghamari(University of Washington), Ahmad Ghashghaee(University of Washington), Ghozali Ghozali(University of Washington), Syed Amir Gilani(University of Washington), Ionela-Roxana Glăvan(University of Washington), Mahaveer Golechha(University of Washington), Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart(University of Washington), Veer Bala Gupta(University of Washington), Vivek Gupta(University of Washington), Samer Hamidi(University of Washington), Billy R. Hammond(University of Washington), Simon I Hay(University of Washington), Khezar Hayat(University of Washington), Golnaz Heidari(University of Washington), Howard J. Hoffman(University of Washington), K Hopf(University of Washington), Mehdi Hosseinzadeh(University of Washington), Mowafa Househ(University of Washington), Rabia Hussain(University of Washington), Bing‐Fang Hwang(University of Washington), Ivo Iavicoli(University of Washington), Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye(University of Washington), Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi(University of Washington), Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani(University of Washington), Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam(University of Washington), Masao Iwagami(University of Washington), Louis Jacob(University of Washington), Sathish Kumar Jayapal(University of Washington), Ravi Prakash Jha(University of Washington), Jost B. Jonas(University of Washington), Rohollah Kalhor(University of Washington), Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi(University of Washington), Himal Kandel(University of Washington), Ayele Semachew Kasa(University of Washington), Gbenga A Kayode(University of Washington), Rovshan Khalilov(University of Washington), Ejaz Ahmad Khan(University of Washington), Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib(University of Washington), Soewarta Kosen(University of Washington), Ai Koyanagi(University of Washington), G Anil Kumar(University of Washington), Iván Landires(University of Washington), Savita Lasrado(University of Washington), Stephen S Lim(University of Washington), Xuefeng Liu(University of Washington), Stany W. Lobo(University of Washington), Alessandra Lugo(University of Washington), Alaa Makki(University of Washington), Walter Mendoza(University of Washington), Amanual Getnet Mersha(University of Washington), Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie(University of Washington), Ted R. Miller(University of Washington), Sanjeev Misra(University of Washington), Teroj A. Mohamed(University of Washington), Mokhtar Mohammadi(University of Washington), Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani(University of Washington), Arif Ahmed Mohammed(University of Washington), Ali H. Mokdad(University of Washington), Mohammad Ali Moni(University of Washington), Sandhya Neupane Kandel(University of Washington), Huong Lan Thi Nguyen(University of Washington), Molly R Nixon(University of Washington), Jean Jacques Noubiap(University of Washington), Virginia Núñez-Samudio(University of Washington), Bogdan Oancea(University of Washington), Victor M. Oguoma(University of Washington), Andrew T Olagunju(University of Washington), Bolajoko O. Olusanya(University of Washington), Jacob Olusegun Olusanya(University of Washington), Hans Orru(University of Washington), Mayowa Owolabi(University of Washington), Jagadish Rao Padubidri(University of Washington), Keyvan Pakshir(University of Washington), Shahina Pardhan(University of Washington), Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic(University of Washington), Shrikant Pawar(University of Washington), Hai Quang Pham(University of Washington), Marina Pinheiro(University of Washington), Akram Pourshams(University of Washington), Navid Rabiee(University of Washington), Mohammad Rabiee(University of Washington), Amir Radfar(University of Washington), Fakher Rahim(University of Washington), Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar(University of Washington), Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman(University of Washington), Mosiur Rahman(University of Washington), Amir Masoud Rahmani(University of Washington), Juwel Rana(University of Washington), Chythra R Rao(University of Washington), Sowmya J Rao(University of Washington), Vahid Rashedi(University of Washington), David Laith Rawaf(University of Washington), Salman Rawaf(University of Washington), André M. N. Renzaho(University of Washington), Aziz Rezapour(University of Washington), Rezaul Karim Ripon(University of Washington), Voilet Rodrigues(University of Washington), Neeti Rustagi(University of Washington), Umar Saeed(University of Washington), Amirhossein Sahebkar(University of Washington), Abdallah M Samy(University of Washington), Milena M Santric-Milicevic(University of Washington), Brijesh Sathian(University of Washington), Maheswar Satpathy(University of Washington), Monika Sawhney(University of Washington), Winfried Schlee(University of Washington), María Inês Schmidt(University of Washington), Allen Seylani(University of Washington), Masood Ali Shaikh(University of Washington), Mohammed Shannawaz(University of Washington), Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw(University of Washington), Soraya Siabani(University of Washington), Anjali Singal(University of Washington), Jasvinder A. Singh(University of Washington), Jitendra Kumar Singh(University of Washington), Deepika Singhal(University of Washington), Valentin Yurievich Skryabin(University of Washington), Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina(University of Washington), Houman Sotoudeh(University of Washington), Emma Elizabeth Spurlock(University of Washington), Biruk Wogayehu Taddele(University of Washington), Animut Tagele Tamiru(University of Washington), Md. Ismail Tareque(University of Washington), Rekha Thapar(University of Washington), Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Bach Xuan Tran(University of Washington), Saif Ullah(University of Washington), Sahel Valadan Tahbaz(University of Washington), Francesco Saverio Violante(University of Washington), Vasily Vlassov(University of Washington), Bay Vo(University of Washington), Avina Vongpradith(University of Washington), Giang Thu Vu(University of Washington), Jingkai Wei(University of Washington), Ali Yadollahpour(University of Washington), Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Yigizie Yeshaw(University of Washington), Vahit Yiğit(University of Washington), Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw(University of Washington), Naohiro Yonemoto(University of Washington), Chuanhua Yu(University of Washington), Ismaeel Yunusa(University of Washington), Mohammad Zamani(University of Washington), Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин(University of Washington), Anasthasia Zastrozhina(University of Washington), Zhi-Jiang Zhang(University of Washington), Jeff T Zhao(University of Washington), Christopher J L Murray(University of Washington), Adrian Davis(University of Washington), Theo Vos(University of Washington), Shelly Chadha(University of Washington)
Cited by 1,074Open Access
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. METHODS: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. FINDINGS: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51-1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5-21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3-449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7-479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3-142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2-63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35-2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3-65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. INTERPRETATION: As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-care quality and access, stronger health-care provision mechanisms are needed to reduce the burden of unaddressed hearing loss in these settings. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.
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