Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Nadine Kawel‐Boehm(University Hospital of Bern), Scott Hetzel(University of Wisconsin–Madison), Bharath Ambale‐Venkatesh(Johns Hopkins University), Gabriella Captur(Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust), Christopher J. François(University of Wisconsin–Madison), Michael Jerosch‐Herold(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Michael Salerno(University of Virginia Health System), Shawn D. Teague(National Jewish Health), Emanuela Valsangiacomo-Buechel(University Children's Hospital Zurich), Rob J. van der Geest(Leiden University Medical Center), David A. Bluemke(University of Wisconsin–Madison)
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
January 1, 2020
10.1186/s12968-020-00683-3
Cited by 585Open Access
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Abstract

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) enables assessment and quantification of morphological and functional parameters of the heart, including chamber size and function, diameters of the aorta and pulmonary arteries, flow and myocardial relaxation times. Knowledge of reference ranges ("normal values") for quantitative CMR is crucial to interpretation of results and to distinguish normal from disease. Compared to the previous version of this review published in 2015, we present updated and expanded reference values for morphological and functional CMR parameters of the cardiovascular system based on the peer-reviewed literature and current CMR techniques. Further, databases and references for deep learning methods are included.

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