Review of Particle Physics
Particle Data Group(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), P. Żyła(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), R.M. Barnett(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), J. Beringer(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), O. I. Dahl(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), D. A. Dwyer(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), D. E. Groom(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), C -J Lin(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), K. S. Lugovsky(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), E. Pianori(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Dean Robinson(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), C.G. Wohl(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), W-M. Yao(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Kaustubh Agashe(University of Rome Tor Vergata), G. Aielli(University of Rome Tor Vergata), B. C. Allanach(Austrian Academy of Sciences), C. Amsler(Austrian Academy of Sciences), M. Antonelli(Brookhaven National Laboratory), E. C. Aschenauer(Brookhaven National Laboratory), D.M. Asner(Brookhaven National Laboratory), Howard Baer(University of Louisville), Sw. Banerjee(University of Louisville), L. Baudis(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), C. Bauer(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), J. J. Beatty(Institute for High Energy Physics), V.I. Belousov(Institute for High Energy Physics), S. Bethke(University of Padua), A. Bettini(University of Padua), O. Biebel(University of Wisconsin–Madison), K. M. Black(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), E Blucher(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), O. Buchmuller(Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility), Volker Burkert(Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility), M. Bychkov(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), R. N. Cahn(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), Marcela Carena(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), A. Ceccucci(University of Sussex), A. Cerri(Northern Illinois University), D. Chakraborty(Northern Illinois University), R. Sekhar Chivukula(Royal Holloway University of London), G. Cowan(Royal Holloway University of London), Giancarlo D’Ambrosio(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli), Thibault Damour(National University of General San Martín), Daniel de Florian(Northwestern University), A. de Gouvêa(Northwestern University), Thomas DeGrand(University of Colorado Boulder), P. de Jong(ETH Zurich), G. Dissertori(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), Bogdan A. Dobrescu(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), M. d'Onofrio(University of Liverpool), M. Doser(University of Bonn), M. Drees(University of Bonn), Herbi K. Dreiner(University of Helsinki), P. Eerola(University of Helsinki), U. Egede(Novosibirsk State University), S. Eidelman(King's College London), J. Ellis(King's College London), J. Erler(Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), В. В. Ежела(Institute for High Energy Physics), W. Fetscher(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Brian D. Fields(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), B. Foster(Universität Hamburg), A. Freitas(Tufts University), H. Gallagher(Tufts University), L. Garren(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), H.-J. Gerber(Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives), G. Gerbier(Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives), T. Gershon(Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey), Y. Gershtein(Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey), Tony Gherghetta(University of Minnesota), A. Godizov(Institute for High Energy Physics), M. C. González-García(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), M. C. Goodman(Argonne National Laboratory), C. Grab(Johns Hopkins University), A. V. Gritsan(Johns Hopkins University), C Grojean(University College Dublin), M. Grünewald(University College Dublin), A. Gurtu(Kyung Hee University), T. Gutsche(University of California, Santa Cruz), Howard E. Haber(Forschungszentrum Jülich), C. Hanhart(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), S. Hashimoto(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Y. Hayato(Heidelberg University), Arthur Hebecker(Heidelberg University), S. Heinemeyer(Cornell University), B. K. Heltsley(Universitat de València), J.J. Hernandez(Universitat de València), Ken‐ichi Hikasa(Obayashi (Japan)), Junji Hisano(Obayashi (Japan)), A. Höcker(European Organization for Nuclear Research), J. Holder(European Organization for Nuclear Research), Annette Holtkamp(European Organization for Nuclear Research), J. Huston(Tokyo Metropolitan University), Tetsuo Hyodo(Florida State University), K.F. Johnson(Florida State University), M. Kado(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Marek Karliner(Tel Aviv University), U. Katz(Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), M. Kenzie(Durham University), V.A. Khoze(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), S R Klein(University of Bonn), E. Klempt(University of Bonn), R. Kowalewski(Durham University), Frank Krauss(Durham University), M. Kreps(University of Basel), B. Krusche(University of Basel), Y. Kwon(Yonsei University), O. Lahav(University College London), J. Laiho(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Laurent Lellouch(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Julien Lesgourgues(University of Lisbon), Andrew R. Liddle(University of Lisbon), Zoltan Ligeti(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), C. Lippmann(City College of New York), T. M. Liss(City College of New York), L. Littenberg(Brookhaven National Laboratory), C Lourengo(Institute for High Energy Physics), S. B. Lugovsky(Scuola Normale Superiore), A. Lusiani(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Y. Makida(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Fabio Maltoni(University of Siegen), Thomas Mannel(University of Siegen), Aneesh V. Manohar(Brookhaven National Laboratory), William J. Marciano(Brookhaven National Laboratory), A. Masoni(Louisiana State University), J. Matthews(Louisiana State University), Ulf-G. Meißner(University of Bonn), M. Mikhasenko(European Organization for Nuclear Research), D.J. Miller(AlbaNova), D. A. Milstead(Indiana University Bloomington), R. E. Mitchell(Indiana University Bloomington), K. Mönig(German Institute for Adult Education – Leibniz Centre for Lifelong Learning), P. Molaro(Ghent University), F. Moortgat(Ghent University), Micha Moskovic(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), K. R. Nakamura(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), M. Narain(Brown University), Paolo Nason(Universidad de Granada), S. Navas(Universidad de Granada), Matthias Neubert(Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), P. Nevski(Brookhaven National Laboratory), Yosef Nir(University of Minnesota), Keith A. Olive(University of Minnesota), C. Patrignani(Royal Observatory), J. A. Peacock(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), S.T. Petcov(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), V. Petrov(Universitat de València), A. Pich(Universitat de València), A. Piepke(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Alex Pomarol(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Stefano Profumo(University of California, Santa Cruz), A. Quadt(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), K. Rabbertz(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), J. H. Rademacker(University of Bristol), Georg G. Raffelt(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Harikrishnan Ramani(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), M. Ramsey-Musolf(Shanghai Jiao Tong University), B. N. Ratcliff(Durham University), Peter Richardson(Durham University), A. Ringwald(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), S. Roesler(Vehicle Technologies Office), S. Rolli(Vehicle Technologies Office), A. Romaniouk(University of Washington), L. J. Rosenberg(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), J. L. Rosner(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), G. Rybka(University of Washington), M. G. Ryskin(Institute for High Energy Physics), R. Ryutin(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Y Sakai(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Gavin P. Salam(Université Paris Cité), S. Sarkar(University of Oxford), F. Sauli(École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), O. Schneider(Duke University), K. Scholberg(Duke University), A.J. Schwartz(GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research), J. Schwiening(University of British Columbia), D. Scott(University of British Columbia), Vivek Sharma(University of Washington), Stephen R. Sharpe(University of Washington), T. Shutt(SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), M. Silari(Lund University), Torbjörn Sjöstrand(Lund University), Peter Skands(Monash University), T. Skwarnicki(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), George F. Smoot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Soffer(University of Pisa), Marco Stanislao Sozzi(University of Pisa), S. Spanier(German Institute for Adult Education – Leibniz Centre for Lifelong Learning), Christian Spiering(German Institute for Adult Education – Leibniz Centre for Lifelong Learning), A. Stahl(Syracuse University), S. Stone(Tohoku University), Y. Sumino(Tohoku University), T Sumiyoshi(Northern Illinois University), M. Syphers(Northern Illinois University), Fuminobu Takahashi(Obayashi (Japan)), Masaharu Tanabashi(Obayashi (Japan)), J. Tanaka(Czech Academy of Sciences), M. Taševský(Czech Academy of Sciences), K. Terashi(The University of Tokyo), John Terning(University of Bonn), U. Thoma(University of Bonn), R. S. Thorne(Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), L. Tiator(Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), M. Titov(Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives), Н. П. Ткаченко(Institute for High Energy Physics), D. R. Tovey(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), K. Trabelsi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), P. Urquijo(The University of Melbourne), G. Valencia(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), R. G. Van de Water(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), N. Varelas(University of Illinois Chicago), G. Venanzoni(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Licia Verde(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), M. G. Vincter(California Institute of Technology), P. Vogel(California Institute of Technology), Werner Vogelsang(University of Liverpool), A. Vogt(University of Liverpool), V. Vorobyev(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), S. P. Wakely(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), W. Walkowiak(Duke University), C. W. Walter(Duke University), David Wands(Imperial College London), M. O. Wascko(Imperial College London), David H. Weinberg(The Ohio State University), Erick J. Weinberg(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), M. J. White(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Lawrence Wiencke(Colorado School of Mines), S. Willocq(Brookhaven National Laboratory), C. Woody(Brookhaven National Laboratory), Ronald Workman(The University of Tokyo), M. Yokoyama(Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility), R. Yoshida(Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility), G Zanderighi(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), G. Zeller(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), O. V. Zenin(California Institute of Technology), R. -Y. Zhu(California Institute of Technology), S -L Zhu(Peking University), Frank Zimmermann(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), J. Anderson(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Tullio Basaglia(Institute for High Energy Physics), V. S. Lugovsky(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Paul Schaffner(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), W. Zheng(Institute of High Energy Physics)
Cited by 5,185Open Access
Abstract
Abstract The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.
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