Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19
Paul Bastard(Inserm), Lindsey B. Rosen(National Institutes of Health), Qian Zhang(Rockefeller University), Eleftherios Michailidis(Rockefeller University), Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann(Rockefeller University), Yu Zhang(National Institutes of Health), Karim Dorgham(Inserm), Quentin Philippot(Inserm), Jérémie Rosain(Inserm), Vivien Béziat(Inserm), Jérémy Manry(Inserm), Elana Shaw(National Institutes of Health), Liis Haljasmägi(University of Tartu), Pärt Peterson(University of Tartu), Lazaro Lorenzo(Inserm), Lucy Bizien(Inserm), Sophie Trouillet‐Assant(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Kerry Dobbs(National Institutes of Health), Adriana A. de Jesus(National Institutes of Health), Alexandre Bélot(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Anne Kallaste(Tartu University Hospital), Émilie Catherinot(Hôpital Foch), Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte(Inserm), Jérémie Le Pen(Rockefeller University), Gaspard Kerner(Inserm), Benedetta Bigio(Rockefeller University), Yoann Seeleuthner(Inserm), Rui Yang(Rockefeller University), Alexandre Bolze(Helix (United States)), András N. Spaan(University Medical Center Utrecht), Ottavia M. Delmonte(National Institutes of Health), Michael S. Abers(National Institutes of Health), Alessandro Aiuti(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Giorgio Casari(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Vito Lampasona(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Lorenzo Piemonti(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Fabio Ciceri(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Kaya Bilgüvar(Yale University), Richard P. Lifton(Yale University), Marc Vasse(Hôpital Foch), David M. Smadja(Inserm), Mélanie Migaud(Inserm), Jérôme Hadjadj(Inserm), Benjamin Terrier(Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris), Darragh Duffy(Institut Pasteur), Lluís Quintana‐Murci(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Diederik van de Beek(Amsterdam Neuroscience), Lucie Roussel(McGill University Health Centre), Donald C. Vinh(McGill University Health Centre), Stuart G. Tangye(Garvan Institute of Medical Research), Filomeen Haerynck(Ghent University Hospital), David Dalmau(Mútua Terrassa), Javier Martínez‐Picado(Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), Petter Brodin(Karolinska University Hospital), Michel C. Nussenzweig(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Stéphanie Boisson‐Dupuis(Inserm), Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), Guillaume Vogt(Inserm), Trine H. Mogensen(Aarhus University), Andrew J. Oler(Naval Research Laboratory Information Technology Division), Jingwen Gu(Naval Research Laboratory Information Technology Division), Peter D. Burbelo(National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research), Jeffrey I. Cohen(Office of Extramural Research), Andrea Biondi(University of Milano-Bicocca), Laura Rachele Bettini(University of Milano-Bicocca), Mariella D’Angiò(University of Milano-Bicocca), Paolo Bonfanti(University of Milano-Bicocca), Patrick Rossignol(Inserm), Julien Mayaux(Sorbonne Université), Frédéric Rieux‐Laucat(Inserm), Eystein S. Husebye(Haukeland University Hospital), Francesca Fusco(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Matilde Valeria Ursini(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Luisa Imberti(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia), Alessandra Sottini(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia), Simone Paghera(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia), Eugenia Quirós-Roldán(University of Brescia), Camillo Rossi(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia), Riccardo Castagnoli(University of Pavia), Daniela Montagna(University of Pavia), Amelia Licari(University of Pavia), Gian Luigi Marseglia(University of Pavia), Xavier Duval(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Jade Ghosn(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), HGID Lab(National Human Genome Research Institute), NIAID-USUHS Immune Response to COVID Group(National Institutes of Health), Imagine COVID Group(University of Tartu), French COVID Cohort Study Group(National Institutes of Health), CoV-Contact Cohort(Inserm), Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank(Inserm), COVID Human Genetic Effort(National Institutes of Health), John S. Tsang(Inserm), Raphaela Goldbach‐Mansky(National Institutes of Health), Kai Kisand(University of Tartu), Michail S. Lionakis(National Institutes of Health), Anne Puel(National Institutes of Health), Shen‐Ying Zhang(Inserm), Steven M. Holland(National Institutes of Health), Guy Gorochov(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Emmanuelle Jouanguy(Inserm), Charles M. Rice(Inserm), Aurélie Cobat(Inserm), Luigi D. Notarangelo(National Institutes of Health), Laurent Abel(Inserm), Helen C. Su(National Institutes of Health), Jean‐Laurent Casanova(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Andrés A. Arias, Bertrand Boisson, Soraya Boucherit, Jacinta Bustamante, Marwa Chbihi, Jie Chen, Maya Chrabieh, Tatiana Kochetkov, Tom Le Voyer, Dana Liu, Yelena Nemirovskaya, Masato Ogishi(Inserm), Dominick Papandrea, Cécile Patissier(Inserm), Franck Rapaport, Manon Roynard, Natasha Vladikine, Mark Woollett, Peng Zhang, Anuj Kashyap(National Institutes of Health), Li Ding, Marita Bosticardo, Qinlu Wang, Sebastian Ochoa, Hui Liu, Samuel D. Chauvin, Michael Stack, Galina Koroleva, Neha Bansal, Clifton L. Dalgard, Andrew L. Snow, Jorge Abad, Sergio Aguilera(Inserm), Özge Metin Akcan, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Juan C. Aldave, Miquel Alfonso Ramos, Seyed Alireza Nadji, Gülsüm Alkan, Jérôme Allardet-Servent, Luís M. Allende(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Laia Alsina, Marie‐Alexandra Alyanakian, Blanca Amador-Borrero, Zahir Amoura(Inserm), Arnau Antolí, Şevket Arslan, Sophie Assant, Terese Auguet, Axelle Azot, Fanny Bajolle, Aurélie Baldolli, Mayte Ballester, Hagit Baris Feldman(University of Pavia), Benoı̂t Barrou, Alexandra Beurton, Agurtzane Bilbao(National Institutes of Health), Géraldine Blanchard‐Rohner, Ignacio Blanco, Adeline Blandinières, Daniel Blázquez‐Gamero, Markéta Bloomfield, Mireia Bolívar-Prados, Raphaël Borie, Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha, Claire Bouvattier, Oksana Boyarchuk(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), Maria Rita Passos‐Bueno, Jacinta Bustamante(Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), Juan José Cáceres Agra, Semra Calimli, Ruggero Capra, Maria Carrabba(Hôpital Foch), Carlos Casasnovas(Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), Marion Caséris, Martin Castelle, Francesco Castelli, Martín Castillo de Vera, Mateus Vidigal de Castro, Emilie Catherinot(Hôpital Foch), Martin Chalumeau, Bruno Charbit, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Père Clavé, Bonaventura Clotet(Mútua Terrassa), Anna Codina, Fatih Çölkesen, Fatma Çölkesen, Roger Colobrán, Cloé Comarmond(Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris), Angelo Guido Corsico, David Dalmau(Mútua Terrassa), D.R. Darley, Nicolás Dauby, Stéphane Dauger(Inserm), Loïc de Pontual(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Amin Dehban, Geoffroy Delplancq, Alexandre Demoule, Antonio Di Sabatino, Jean‐Luc Diehl, Stephanie Dobbelaere, Sophie Durand, Waleed Eldars, Mohamed Elgamal(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Marwa H. Elnagdy, Melike Emiroğlu, Emine Hafize Erdeniz, Selma Erol Aytekin, Romain Euvrard, Recep Evcen(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), Giovanna Fabio, Laurence Faivre, Antonin Falck(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Muriel Fartoukh, Morgane Faure, Miguel Fernández‐Arquero, Carlos Flores(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Bruno François, Victòria Fumadó, Francesca Fusco(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Blanca García‐Solis, Pascale Gaussem, Juana Gil-Herrera, Laurent Gilardin, Mònica Girona Alarcón, Mònica Girona‐Alarcón, Jean‐Christophe Goffard(Inserm), Funda Gök(Ghent University Hospital), Rafaela González‐Montelongo, Antoine Guerder, Yahya Gül, Şükrü Nail Güner, Marta Gut, Jérôme Hadjadj(Inserm), Filomeen Haerynck(Ghent University Hospital), Rabih Halwani, Lennart Hammarström, Nevin Hatipoğlu, Elisa Hernández-Brito, María Soledad Holanda-Peña, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Sami Hraiech, L. Humbert, Alejandro Iglesias, Antonio Íñigo-Campos, Matthieu Jamme, María J. Arranz, Iolanda Jordán, Fikret Kanat, Hasan Kapaklı, İskender Kara(Inserm), Adem Karbuz, Kadriye Kart Yaşar, Sevgi Keleş(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Yasemin Kendir Demirkol, Adam Klocperk, Zbigniew Król, Paul Kuentz(University of Pavia), Yat Wah M. Kwan(National Institutes of Health), Jean‐Christophe Lagier(National Institutes of Health), YL Lau, Fleur Le Bourgeois(Inserm), Yee‐Sin Leo, Rafael León‐López, Daniel Leung, Michael Levin, Michaël Levy, Romain Lévy, Zhi Li, Agnès Linglart, José M. Lorenzo-Salazar, Céline Louapre(Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), Catherine Lubetzki, Charles‐Édouard Luyt(Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), David Chien Lye, Davood Mansouri, Majid Marjani, Jesus Marquez Pereira, Andrea Martín‐Nalda(Sorbonne Université), David Martínez Pueyo, Javier Martínez‐Picado(Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), Iciar Marzana, Alexis Mathian, Larissa R. B. Matos, Gail Matthews, Julien Mayaux(Sorbonne Université), Jean‐Louis Mège, Isabelle Melki, Jean–François Méritet, Özge Metin Akcan, Isabelle Meyts, Mehdi Mezidi(Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), Isabelle Migeotte, Maude Millereux, Tristan Mirault(Inserm), Clotilde Mircher, Mehdi Mirsaeidi(National Institutes of Health), Abián Montesdeoca Melián, Antonio Morales Martínez, Pierre‐Emmanuel Morange(National Institutes of Health), C. Mordacq, Guillaume Morelle, Stéphane Mouly, Adrián Muñoz‐Barrera, Cyril Nafati, João Farela Neves, Lisa F. P. Ng, Yeray Nóvoa Medina, Esmeralda Núñez Cuadros, J. Gonzalo Ocejo‐Vinyals, Zerrin Orbak, Mehdi Oualha, Tayfun Özçelık(Inserm), Qiang Pan‐Hammarström(University of Milano-Bicocca), Christophe Parizot, Tiffany Pascreau(Sorbonne Université), Estela Paz‐Artal, Rebeca Pérez de Diego(University of Milano-Bicocca), Aurélien Philippe(Inserm), Quentin Philippot(Inserm), Laura Planas‐Serra, Dominique Ploin, Julien Poissy, Géraldine Poncelet(Yale University), Marie Pouletty, Paul Quentric, Didier Raoult, Anne‐Sophie Rebillat(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), İsmail Reisli(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), Pilar Ricart, Jean‐Christophe Richard, Nadia Rivet, Jacques G. Rivière, Gemma Rocamora Blanch, Carlos Rodrigo, Carlos Rodríguez‐Gallego(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), Agustí Rodríguez‐Palmero, Carolina S. Romero, Anya Rothenbühler, Flore Rozenberg, María Yolanda Ruiz del Prado, Joan Sabater‐Riera, Oliver Sanchez, Silvia Sánchez‐Ramón, Agatha Schlüter, Matthieu Schmidt, Cyril Schweitzer, Francesco Scolari, Anna Šedivá(Inserm), Luis Seijó(University of Pavia), D. Sène, Sevtap Şenoğlu, Mikko Seppänen, Alex Serra Ilovich, Mohammad Shahrooei, David M. Smadja(Inserm), Ali Sobh(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Xavier Solanich Moreno(Inserm), Jordi Solé‐Violán, Catherine Soler, Pere Soler‐Palacín(Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris), Yuri Stepanovskiy, Annabelle Stoclin, Fabio Silvio Taccone(Sorbonne Université), Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte(Inserm), Jean‐Luc Taupin(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Simon J. Tavernier(National Institutes of Health), Benjamin Terrier(Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris), C. Thumerelle(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Gabriele Tomasoni, Julie Toubiana, Josep Trenado Alvarez, Sophie Trouillet-Assant(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Jesús Troya, Alessandra Tucci, Matilde Valeria Ursini(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Y. Uzunhan, P. Vabres, Juan Valencia-Ramos, Ana Maria Van Den Rym, Isabelle Vandernoot(Inserm), Hülya Vatansev, Valentina Vélez-Santamaría, Sébastien Viel, Cédric Vilain, Marie E. Vilaire, Audrey Vincent, Guillaume Voiriot(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Fanny Vuotto, Alper Yosunkaya, Barnaby Edward Young, Fatih Yücel, Faı̈ez Zannad, Mayana Zatz, Alexandre Bélot(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Giuseppe Foti, Giacomo Bellani, Giuseppe Citerio, Ernesto Contro(Inserm), Alberto Pesci, Maria Grazia Valsecchi(Inserm), Marina Elena Cazzaniga(Inserm), Christine Bôle‐Feysot, Stanislas Lyonnet(Inserm), Cécile Masson, Patrick Nitschké, Aurore Pouliet, Yoann Schmitt, Frédéric Torès, Mohammed Zarhrate, Laurent Abel(Inserm), Claire Andréjak, François Angoulvant, Delphine Bachelet, Romain Basmaci, Sylvie Behillil, Marine Beluze, Dehbia Benkerrou, Krishna Bhavsar, François Bompart, Lila Bouadma, Maude Bouscambert(Inserm), Mireille Caralp, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Alexandra Coelho, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadièrgues, Éric D’Ortenzio, Charlène Da Silveira, Marie‐Pierre Debray, Dominique Deplanque(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Alpha Diallo, Alphonsine Diouf, Céline Dorival(Inserm), François Dubos, Xavier Duval(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Philippine Eloy(Helix (United States)), Vincent Enouf(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Hélène Espérou, Marina Esposito‐Farèse, Manuel Etienne(Rockefeller University), Nadia Ettalhaoui(Helix (United States)), Nathalie Gault(Rockefeller University), Alexandre Gaymard, Jade Ghosn(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Tristan Gigante, Isabelle Gorenne, Jérémie Guedj, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Salma Jaafoura, Ouifiya Kafif(National Institutes of Health), Florentia Kaguelidou(Inserm), Sabina Kali, Antoine Khalil, Coralie Khan, Cédric Laouenan, Samira Laribi, Minh Quan Lê, Quentin Le Hingrat(Inserm), Soizic Le Mestre, Hervé Le Nagard, François‐Xavier Lescure, Yves Lévy(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Claire Lévy‐Marchal, Bruno Lina, Guillaume Lingas, Jean Christophe Lucet, Denis Malvy, Marina Mambert, France Mentré, Noémie Mercier(Inserm), Amina Meziane(Inserm), Hugo Mouquet, Jimmy Mullaert, Nadège Néant, Marion Noret, Justine Pages, Aurélie Papadopoulos(Inserm), Christelle Paul(Inserm), Nathan Peiffer‐Smadja(Inserm), Ventzislava Petrov–Sanchez, Gilles Peytavin, Olivier Picone, Oriane Puéchal, Manuel Rosa‐Calatrava, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol(Inserm), Carine Roy, Marion Schneider(Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris), Caroline Semaille, Nassima Si Mohammed, Lysa Tagherset, Coralie Tardivon, Marie-Capucine Tellier, François Téoulé, Olivier Terrier(Inserm), Jean‐François Timsit, Théo Treoux(Inserm), Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana(Inserm), Sylvie van der Werf, Noémie Vanel, Aurélie Veislinger(Tartu University Hospital), Benoit Visseaux, Aurélie Wiedemann, Yazdan Yazdanpanah(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Laurent Abel(Inserm), Andrés Alcover, Hugues Aschard, Kalla Astrom, Philippe Bousso, Pierre Bruhns, Ana Cumano, Caroline Demangel, Ludovic Deriano, James P. Di Santo, Françoise Dromer, Gérard Eberl, Jost Enninga, Jacques Fellay(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia), Ivo Gomperts-Boneca, Milena Hasan, Serge Herçberg, Olivier Lantz, Hugo Mouquet, Étienne Patin, Sandra Pellegrini, Stanislas Pol(Garvan Institute of Medical Research), Antonio Rausell, Lars Rogge, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Olivier Schwartz, Benno Schwikowski(Institut Pasteur), Spencer Shorte, Frédéric Tangy, Antoine Toubert, Mathilde Touvier, Marie‐Noëlle Ungeheuer, Matthew L. Albert(Rockefeller University), Darragh Duffy(Inserm), Lluís Quintana‐Murci(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Loubna Alavoine, Karine K. A. Amat, Sylvie Behillil, Julia Bielicki, Patricia Bruijning‐Verhagen, Charles Burdet, Éric Caumes, Charlotte Charpentier(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), B. Coignard, Yolande Costa, Sandrine Couffin-Cadièrgues, Florence Damond, Aline Dechanet, Christelle Delmas, Diane Descamps, Xavier Duval(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Jean-Luc Ecobichon(Inserm), Vincent Enouf(Mútua Terrassa), Hélène Espérou(Inserm), Wahiba Frezouls, Nadhira Houhou(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Emila Ilic-Habensus, Ouifiya Kafif, John Kikoine, Quentin Le Hingrat, David Lebeaux, Anne Leclercq, Jonathan Lehacaut, Sophie Letrou, Bruno Lina, Jean‐Christophe Lucet, Denis Malvy, Pauline Manchon(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Milica Mandic, Mohamed Meghadecha, Justina Motiejūnaitė(National Institutes of Health), Mariama Nouroudine, Valentine Piquard, Andreea Postolache, Caroline Quintin, Jade Rexach, Layidé Roufai, Zaven Terzian, Michaël Thy, Sarah Tubiana, Sylvie van der Werf, Valérie Vignali, Benoit Visseaux, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Michiel A. van Agtmael, Anna Geke Algera, Frank van Baarle, Diane Bax, Martijn Beudel, Harm Jan Bogaard, Marije K. Bomers, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Michela Botta(Helix (United States)), Justin de Brabander(Inserm), Godelieve de Bree, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Sanne de Bruin, Marianna Bugiani, Esther Bulle, Osoul Chouchane, Alex Cloherty, Paul Elbers, Lucas M. Fleuren(University of Milano-Bicocca), Suzanne E. Geerlings, Bart F. Geerts, Theo Geijtenbeek, Armand R. J. Girbes, Bram Goorhuis, Martin P. Grobusch, Florianne Hafkamp, Laura A. Hagens, Jörg Hamann, Vanessa Harris, Robert Hemke, Sabine Hermans, Leo Heunks, Markus W. Hollmann(University of Tartu), Janneke Horn, Joppe W. Hovius, Menno D. de Jong, Rutger Koning, Niels van Mourik, Jeaninne Nellen, Frederique Paulus, Edgar Peters(Helix (United States)), Tom van der Poll, Benedikt Preckel, Jan M. Prins, Jorinde Raasveld, Tom D. Y. Reijnders, Michiel Schinkel(Inserm), Marcus J. Schultz, Alex R. Schuurman(Hôpital Foch), Kim Sigaloff, Marry R. Smit, Cornelis Stijnis, Willemke Stilma, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Patrick Thoral, Anissa M. Tsonas, Marc van der Valk(Amsterdam Neuroscience), Denise P. Veelo(Inserm), Alexander P. J. Vlaar(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Heder de Vries, Michèle van Vugt, W. Joost Wiersinga, Dorien Wouters, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Diederik van de Beek(Amsterdam Neuroscience), Laurent Abel(Inserm), Alessandro Aiuti(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Saleh Al Muhsen, Fahd Al‐Mulla(Karolinska University Hospital), Mark S. Anderson, Andrés A. Arias, Hagit Baris Feldman, Dusan Bogunovic(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Alexandre Bolze(Helix (United States)), Анастасія Бондаренко(National Human Genome Research Institute), Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha, Petter Brodin(Karolinska University Hospital), Yenan T. Bryceson, Carlos D. Bustamante, Manish J. Butte, Giorgio Casari(Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Samya Chakravorty, John Christodoulou, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Antônio Condino‐Neto(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), Megan A. Cooper, Clifton L. Dalgard, Joseph L. DeRisi(Ghent University Hospital), Murkesh Desai(Mútua Terrassa), Beth A. Drolet, Sara Espinosa, Jacques Fellay, Carlos Flores, José Luis Franco, Peter K. Gregersen, Filomeen Haerynck(Ghent University Hospital), David Hagin(University of Tartu), Rabih Halwani, Jim F. Heath(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Sarah E. Henrickson, Elena W.Y. Hsieh, Kohsuke Imai, Yuval Itan, Timokratis Karamitros, Kai Kisand(University of Tartu), Cheng‐Lung Ku, YL Lau, Yun Ling(Aarhus University), C. Lucas, Tom Maniatis(National Institutes of Health), Davoud Mansouri(National Institutes of Health), László Maródi, Isabelle Meyts, Joshua D. Milner, Kristina Mironska, Trine H. Mogensen(Aarhus University), Tomohiro Morio, Lisa F. P. Ng, Luigi D. Notarangelo(National Institutes of Health), Giuseppe Novelli, Antonio Novelli(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Cliona O’Farrelly(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Satoshi Okada(Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia), Tayfun Özçelık(Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias), Rebeca Pérez de Diego, Anna M. Planas, Carolina Prando, Aurora Pujol, Lluís Quintana‐Murci(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Laurent Rénia, Alessandra Renieri(University Medical Center Utrecht), Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego(Garvan Institute of Medical Research), Vanessa Sancho‐Shimizu(Garvan Institute of Medical Research), Vijay G. Sankaran, Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett, Mohammed Shahrooei(Amsterdam Neuroscience), Andrew L. Snow, Pere Soler‐Palacín(McGill University Health Centre), András N. Spaan(University Medical Center Utrecht), Stuart G. Tangye(Garvan Institute of Medical Research), Stuart E. Turvey, K. M. Furkan Uddin(National Institutes of Health), Mohammed Uddin(Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Diederik van de Beek(Amsterdam Neuroscience), Sara E. Vazquez, Donald C. Vinh(McGill University Health Centre), Horst von Bernuth, Nicole Washington, Paweł Zawadzki, Helen C. Su(National Institutes of Health), Jean‐Laurent Casanova(Howard Hughes Medical Institute)
Cited by 2,835Open Access
Abstract
The genetics underlying severe COVID-19 The immune system is complex and involves many genes, including those that encode cytokines known as interferons (IFNs). Individuals that lack specific IFNs can be more susceptible to infectious diseases. Furthermore, the autoantibody system dampens IFN response to prevent damage from pathogen-induced inflammation. Two studies now examine the likelihood that genetics affects the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through components of this system (see the Perspective by Beck and Aksentijevich). Q. Zhang et al. used a candidate gene approach and identified patients with severe COVID-19 who have mutations in genes involved in the regulation of type I and III IFN immunity. They found enrichment of these genes in patients and conclude that genetics may determine the clinical course of the infection. Bastard et al. identified individuals with high titers of neutralizing autoantibodies against type I IFN-α2 and IFN-ω in about 10% of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. These autoantibodies were not found either in infected people who were asymptomatic or had milder phenotype or in healthy individuals. Together, these studies identify a means by which individuals at highest risk of life-threatening COVID-19 can be identified. Science , this issue p. eabd4570 , p. eabd4585 ; see also p. 404
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