Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death
Lorenzo Galluzzi(Université Paris Cité), Ilio Vitale(Italian institute for Genomic Medicine), Sarah H. Warren(Nanostring Technologies (United States)), Sandy Adjemian(Ghent University), Patrizia Agostinis(VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology), Aitziber Buqué Martinez(Cornell University), Timothy A. Chan(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), George Coukos(Ludwig Cancer Research), Sandra Demaria(Cornell University), Éric Deutsch(Inserm), Dobrin Draganov(Multimeric Biotherapeutics (United States)), Richard L. Edelson(Yale Cancer Center), Silvia C. Formenti(Cornell University), Jitka Fučíková(Charles University), Lucia Gabriele(Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Udo S. Gaipl(Universitätsklinikum Erlangen), Sofia R. Gameiro(National Institutes of Health), Abhishek D. Garg(KU Leuven), Encouse B. Golden(Cornell University), Jian Han(iRepertoire (United States)), Kevin J. Harrington(Institute of Cancer Research), Akseli Hemminki(University of Helsinki), James W. Hodge(National Institutes of Health), Dewan Md Sakib Hossain(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)), Tim Illidge(University of Manchester), Michael Karin(University of California San Diego), Howard L. Kaufman(Massachusetts General Hospital), Oliver Kepp(Institut Gustave Roussy), Guido Kroemer(Karolinska University Hospital), Juan José Lasarte(Universidad de Navarra), Sherene Loi(The University of Melbourne), Michael T. Lotze(University of Pittsburgh), Gwenola Manic(Italian institute for Genomic Medicine), Taha Merghoub(Cornell University), Alan Melcher(Institute of Cancer Research), Karen Mossman(McMaster University), Felipe Prósper(Clinica Universidad de Navarra), Øystein Rekdal(Lytix Biopharma (Norway)), María Rescigno(Humanitas University), Chiara Riganti(University of Turin), Antonella Sistigu(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Mark J. Smyth(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Radek Špíšek(Charles University), John Stagg(Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal), Bryan E. Strauss(Universidade de São Paulo), Daolin Tang(Southwestern Medical Center), Kazuki Tatsuno(Yale University), Stefaan Van Gool(Centrum für Integrierte Onkologie), Peter Vandenabeele(Ghent University), Takahiro Yamazaki(Cornell University), Dmitriy Zamarin(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Laurence Zitvogel(Université Paris-Sud), Alessandra Cesano(Essa Pharma (United States)), Francesco M. Marincola(Refuge Biotechnologies (United States))
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Abstract
Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Moreover, multiple intracellular and microenvironmental features determine the propensity of RCD to drive adaptive immunity. Here, we provide an updated operational definition of immunogenic cell death (ICD), discuss the key factors that dictate the ability of dying cells to drive an adaptive immune response, summarize experimental assays that are currently available for the assessment of ICD in vitro and in vivo, and formulate guidelines for their interpretation.
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