Plasma biomarkers of astrocytic and neuronal dysfunction in early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease

Fanny M. Elahi(University of California, San Francisco), Kaitlin B. Casaletto(University of California, San Francisco), Renaud La Joie(University of California, San Francisco), Samantha Walters(University of California, San Francisco), Danielle Harvey(University of California, Davis), Amy Wolf(University of California, San Francisco), Lauren Edwards(University of California, San Francisco), Wilfredo Rivera‐Contreras(University of California, San Francisco), Anna Karydas(University of California, San Francisco), Yann Cobigo(University of California, San Francisco), Howard J. Rosen(University of California, San Francisco), Charles DeCarli(University of California, Davis), Bruce L. Miller(University of California, San Francisco), Gil D. Rabinovici(University of California, San Francisco), Joel H. Kramer(University of California, San Francisco)
Alzheimer s & Dementia
December 23, 2019
10.1016/j.jalz.2019.09.004
Cited by 265Open Access
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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: We investigated plasma proteomic markers of astrocytopathy, brain degeneration, plasticity, and inflammation in sporadic early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD). METHODS: Plasma was analyzed using ultra-sensitive immuno-based assays from 33 EOAD, 30 LOAD, and 36 functionally normal older adults. RESULTS: Principle component analyses identified 3 factors: trophic (BDNF, VEGF, TGFβ), degenerative (GFAP, NfL), and inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IP-10, IL-10). Trophic factor was elevated in both AD groups and associated with cognition and gray matter volumes. Degenerative factor was elevated in EOAD, with higher levels associated with worse functioning in this group. Biomarkers of inflammation were not significantly different between groups and were only associated with age. DISUCSSION: Plasma proteomic biomarkers provide novel means of investigating molecular processes in vivo and their contributions to clinical outcomes. We present initial investigations of several of these fluid biomarkers, capturing aspects of astrocytopathy, neuronal injury, cellular plasticity, and inflammation in EOAD versus LOAD.

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