Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. Results of the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry: a prospective cohort study

Gilbert Habib(Aix-Marseille Université), Paola Anna Erba(University of Pisa), Bernard Iung(Délégation Paris 7), Erwan Donal(Inserm), Bernard Cosyns, Cécile Laroche(European Society of Cardiology), Bogdan A. Popescu(Ecolab (United Kingdom)), Bernard Prendergast(St Thomas' Hospital), Pilar Tornos(Hospital Quirónsalud Barcelona), Anita Sadeghpour(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Léopold Oliver(Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris), Jolanta-Justina Vaškelytė(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Rouguiatou Sow(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Olivier Axler(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Aldo P. Maggioni(European Society of Cardiology), Patrizio Lancellotti(University of Liège), EURO-ENDO Investigators, Chris P Gale(St Thomas' Hospital), B. Beleslin, Andrzej Budaj(University of Liège), Ovidiu Chioncel(University of Liège), Nikolaos Dagres(University of Liège), Nicolas Danchin(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jonathan Emberson(European Society of Cardiology), David Erlinge(European Society of Cardiology), Michael Glikson, Adam Gray(European Society of Cardiology), M Kayikcioglu(European Society of Cardiology), Aldo P. Maggioni(European Society of Cardiology), V K Nagy, А. О. Недошивин(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), A-S Petronio(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jolien W. Roos‐Hesselink(University of Liège), Lars Wallentin(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Uwe Zeymer(Aix-Marseille Université), Gilbert Habib(University of Liège), Patrizio Lancellotti(University of Liège), B Cosyns(Inserm), Erwan Donal(University of Pisa), Paola Anna Erba(University of Pisa), Bernard Iung(Délégation Paris 7), Aldo P. Maggioni(Ecolab (United Kingdom)), Bogdan A. Popescu(St Thomas' Hospital), B Prendergast(St Thomas' Hospital), P. Tornos(European Society of Cardiology), Maryna Andarala(University of Liège), C Berle, A Brunel-Lebecq(University of Liège), E Fiorucci(European Society of Cardiology), C Laroche(European Society of Cardiology), V. Missiamenou(University of Liège), Clare Taylor(University of Pisa), Nora Nabila Ali Tatar-Chentir(European Society of Cardiology), Mouaz H. Al‐Mallah(European Society of Cardiology), Meriam Åström Aneq(European Society of Cardiology), George Athanassopoulos, Luigi P. Badano(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S. Benyoussef(University of Liège), Erick Calderón-Aranda, Nuno Cardim, KL Chan, B Cosyns(University of Liège), Isabel Cruz(University of Liège), Thor Edvardsen(European Society of Cardiology), Georg Goliasch(Aix-Marseille Université), Gilbert Habib(Aix-Marseille Université), Andreas Hagendorff(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Krasimira Hristová(Délégation Paris 7), Bernard Iung(University of Liège), Otto Kamp, D-H Kang(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), William Kong(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), С.Т. Мацкеплишвили(European Society of Cardiology), Marwa Meshaal(European Society of Cardiology), M Mirocevic(University of Liège), Aleksandar Nešković(European Society of Cardiology), Michal Pazderník(University of Liège), E Plonska-Gosciniak(Ecolab (United Kingdom)), Bogdan A. Popescu(St Thomas' Hospital), B Prendergast(St Thomas' Hospital), Maha Raissouni(University of Liège), Ricardo Ronderos(Iran University of Medical Sciences), L E Sade(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Anita Sadeghpour(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Antonia Sambola(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Shantanu P. Sengupta(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Separovic-Hanzevacki(European Society of Cardiology), Masami Takeuchi(University of Liège), Edwin S. Tucay(University of Liège), Ana Clara Tude Rodrigues, Andréa Varga(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J. Vaskelyte(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kazufumi Yamagata(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K Yiangou(Iran University of Medical Sciences), H Zaky(University of Liège), Isabel Granada(European Society of Cardiology), M Mahia(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Ressi, Francisco Nacinovich, Ana Iribarren(University of Liège), P. Fernandez Oses(European Society of Cardiology), Gustavo Avegliano(University of Liège), Eduardo Filipini(University of Liège), R Obregon(European Society of Cardiology), M Bangher(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Dho(University of Liège), Luis R Cartasegna, M. Plastino(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Novas(University of Liège), C Shigel(European Society of Cardiology), Graciela Reyes(European Society of Cardiology), M De Santos(University of Liège), Natalio Gastaldello(European Society of Cardiology), M Granillo Fernandez(European Society of Cardiology), M Potito(European Society of Cardiology), Gisela Streitenberger(University of Liège), P Velazco, José Casabé(University of Liège), Claudia Cortés(University of Liège), Eduardo Guevara, Fabián Salmo(European Society of Cardiology), M Seijo, F Weidinger(European Society of Cardiology), Maria Heger(University of Liège), Renee L. Brooks(University of Liège), Claudia Stöllberger, Carolyn Y. Ho(University of Liège), Leonard Perschy(University of Liège), L Puskas(University of Liège), Christian Binder(University of Liège), Raphaël Rosenhek(European Society of Cardiology), M Schneider, M-P Winter(University of Liège), E Hoffer(European Society of Cardiology), M Melissopoulou(University of Liège), E Lecoq(European Society of Cardiology), D. Legrand(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sandrine Jacquet(European Society of Cardiology), M Massoz(University of Liège), Luc Piérard(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Stella Marchetta(University of Liège), Raluca Dulgheru, C D ́ Emal(University of Liège), Cécile Oury(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Steven Droogmans(European Society of Cardiology), D. Kerkhove(European Society of Cardiology), D. Plein(University of Liège), L Soens(University of Liège), Caroline Weytjens, Andreea Motoc(St Thomas' Hospital), Bram Roosens(University of Liège), I Lemoine(University of Liège), Inez Rodrigus(St Thomas' Hospital), Bernard P. Paelinck(St Thomas' Hospital), Bram J. Amsel(University of Liège), Philippe Unger(European Society of Cardiology), Déborah Konopnicki(University of Liège), C. Beauloye, Agnès Pasquet, Jean‐Louis Vanoverschelde(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Pierard(European Society of Cardiology), David Vancraeynest, F Sinnaeve, José Lázaro Andrade(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kamila Fernanda Staszko(University of Liège), R Dos Santos Monteiro, Marcelo Haertel Miglioranza, D L Shuha(European Society of Cardiology), M Alcantara(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Cravo(University of Liège), L Fazzio, Ana Félix(European Society of Cardiology), M Iso(University of Liège), C Musa(University of Liège), Ana Paula dos Reis Velloso Siciliano, Fábio Villaça Guimarães Filho, Ana Clara Tude Rodrigues, F Vilela(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Juarez R. Braga(University of Liège), R Silva(European Society of Cardiology), Daniela Laranja Gomes Rodrigues(University of Liège), L Silva(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Samira Saady Morhy(University of Liège), Cláudio Henrique Fischer(University of Liège), R Silva(European Society of Cardiology), Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira(University of Liège), T Afonso(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J. Abreu, Sandra Nívea dos Reis Saraiva Falcão(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Valdir Ambrósio Moisés, Agostinho Pinto Gouvêa, Frederico Mancuso(University of Liège), Ana Carolina Mello Fontoura de Souza, C Y Silva(European Society of Cardiology), G João, Cely Saad Abboud(University of Liège), Rodrigo Bellio de Mattos Barretto, A Ramos(University of Liège), Renato Tambellini Arnoni, Jorge Eduardo Assef, Dorival Júlio Della Togna(European Society of Cardiology), David Le Bihan(University of Liège), L. Miglioli(University of Liège), A P Romero Oliveira(University of Liège), Roberto Tadeu Magro Kroll(European Society of Cardiology), Daniel Cortez, Cláudio Léo Gelape, M d C Peirira Nunes, Teresa Cristina Abreu Ferrari(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kevin A. Hay(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V. Le(European Society of Cardiology), Mathieu Page, Frédéric Poulin(University of Liège), Claude Sauvé(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Karim Serri(University of Liège), Chantal Mercure(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Beaudoin(University of Liège), Philippe Pîbarot(University of Liège), Igal A. Sebag, Lawrence Rudski(European Society of Cardiology), G Ricafort(St Thomas' Hospital), Bruno Baršić(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Vladimir Krajinović(European Society of Cardiology), Martina Vargović(European Society of Cardiology), Daniel Lovrić(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Reskovic-Luksic(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Josip Vincelj(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sandra Jakšić Jurinjak(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Yiannikourides(European Society of Cardiology), Marios Ioannides(University of Liège), C Pofaides(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Masoura(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jiří Pudich, Aleš Linhart(European Society of Cardiology), Michal Širanec(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Marek(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K Blechova(European Society of Cardiology), Mirt Kamenik(University of Liège), Radek Pelouch(University of Liège), Zdeněk Coufal(European Society of Cardiology), M Mikulica(European Society of Cardiology), Martin Gřiva(University of Liège), Eva Jančová(European Society of Cardiology), M Mikulcova(European Society of Cardiology), Miloš Táborský(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jan Přeček(European Society of Cardiology), Markéta Ječmenová(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Látal(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Widimský(University of Liège), T Butta(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Machacek(University of Liège), R Vancata(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jindřich Špinar(European Society of Cardiology), Mária Holická, F Pow Chon Long(University of Liège), N Anzules, Arturo Carpio(European Society of Cardiology), G Largacha(University of Liège), Ernesto Peñaherrera(European Society of Cardiology), Davide Moreira(University of Liège), E Mahfouz(University of Liège), E Elsafty, Amel M. Soliman(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yazan Zayed(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Aboulenein(European Society of Cardiology), M Abdel-Hay, Abdallah Almaghraby(European Society of Cardiology), Mahmoud Abdelnaby(European Society of Cardiology), Mustafa I. Ahmed(St Thomas' Hospital), Basma Hammad(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yehia Saleh(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hatice S. Zahran(University of Liège), O Elgebaly, Aly M A Saad(European Society of Cardiology), Mohammed Ali, A Zeid(University of Liège), Reham El Sharkawy, A Al Kholy(University of Liège), Ramy Doss(European Society of Cardiology), Dina Osama(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hussien Rizk, A Elmogy(European Society of Cardiology), M Mishriky(University of Liège), Patrick Assayag(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Safwane El Hatimi(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S. Hubert, J-P Casalta, Frédérique Gouriet, Florent Arregle(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Serge Cammilleri(University of Liège), L. Tessonnier, Alberto Ribéri(University of Liège), Élisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Amandine Gagneux‐Brunon(University of Liège), Romain Pierrard(University of Liège), C. Tulane(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Saveria Campisi, J-F Fuzellier(European Society of Cardiology), M Detoc(University of Liège), T Mehalla(European Society of Cardiology), David Boutoille(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Anne-Sophie Lecompte(European Society of Cardiology), M. Lefèbvre(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S. Pattier(University of Liège), Ousama Al Habash(University of Liège), N Asseray-Madani(University of Liège), Charlotte Biron(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Julia Brochard(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J. Caillon(University of Liège), C Cueff(University of Liège), Thierry Le Tourneau(University of Liège), R. Lecomte, M. Michel(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jéremie Orain(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Delarue(European Society of Cardiology), M. Le Bras, J-F Faucher(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Victor Aboyans, A Beeharry(Iran University of Medical Sciences), H. Durox(European Society of Cardiology), Maximiliano Otero Lacoste(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Julien Magné(European Society of Cardiology), Dania Mohty, Anthony S. David(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V. Pradel(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Victor Sierra, A. Neykova(St Thomas' Hospital), B Bettayeb(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Elkentaoui(St Thomas' Hospital), B. Tzvetkov(European Society of Cardiology), Gregory J. Landry(University of Liège), C. Strady(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K Ainine(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S. Baumard(University of Liège), Camille Brasselet(University of Liège), C Tassigny(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Valente-Pires(European Society of Cardiology), Marie‐Paule Lefranc(St Thomas' Hospital), Bruno Hoen(St Thomas' Hospital), Benjamin Lefèvre(University of Liège), Elodie Curlier(University of Liège), C Callier(University of Liège), N Fourcade(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yannick Jobic(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Ansard(University of Liège), Rozenn Le Berre, Florent Le Ven, M-C Pouliquen(European Society of Cardiology), Gemma Prat(University of Liège), Philippe Roux, F Bouchart, A. Savouré(University of Liège), C. Alarçon(University of Liège), C. Chapuzet(University of Liège), I. Gueït(University of Liège), C. Tribouilloy(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yohann Bohbot, Fanny Peugnet(European Society of Cardiology), Mesut Gun(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Xavier Duval(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), X. Lescure(University of Liège), Emila Ilic-Habensus(University of Liège), Nicolas Sadoul(University of Liège), Christine Selton‐Suty, François Alla, François Goehringer(University of Liège), Olivier Huttin(University of Liège), Elodie Chevalier(University of Liège), Rosa García(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V. Le Marcis(University of Liège), Pierre Tattevin(University of Liège), Erwan Flécher(European Society of Cardiology), Matthieu Revest(University of Liège), C. Chirouze(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kévin Bouiller(University of Liège), Laurent Hustache‐Mathieu(University of Liège), Timothée Klopfenstein(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Moreau(European Society of Cardiology), Pierre‐Edouard Fournier(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), A-S Brunel(University of Liège), Pascal Lim(Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris), Léopold Oliver(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Julien Ternacle, Amina Moussafeur(University of Liège), P. Chavanet(University of Liège), Lionel Piroth, Arnaud Salmon‐Rousseau(European Society of Cardiology), M. Buisson(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sophie Mahy(University of Liège), Carolina Castro Martins(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sandrine Gohier(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Olivier Axler(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Florian Baumann(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Lebras(University of Liège), C. Piper(European Society of Cardiology), Denise Guckel(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jochen Börgermann(European Society of Cardiology), Dieter Horstkotte(University of Liège), Eliane Roseli Winkelmann(St Thomas' Hospital), B Brockmeier(European Society of Cardiology), Douglas Grey(European Society of Cardiology), Georg Nickenig(University of Liège), Robert Schueler(University of Liège), Cihat Öztürk(University of Liège), Elisabeth Stöhr(University of Liège), Christian W. Hamm(University of Liège), Thomas Walther(University of Liège), Reynaldo André Brandt, A-C Frühauf, Christine Hartung(University of Liège), Clara Hellner(University of Liège), C. Wild(European Society of Cardiology), Miriam Becker(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Satoshi Hamada(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), W. Kaestner(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Karl Stangl, Fabian Knebel(European Society of Cardiology), Gerd Baldenhofer, Anna Brecht(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Henryk Dreger(University of Liège), C Isner, Frieder Pfäfflin(European Society of Cardiology), Miriam Stegemann(University of Liège), Ralf Zahn(St Thomas' Hospital), B. Fraiture(University of Liège), Caroline Kilkowski, A-K Karcher(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Klinger(Iran University of Medical Sciences), H Tolksdorf(European Society of Cardiology), Dimitris Tousoulis(University of Liège), Constadina Aggeli(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Skevos Sideris(University of Liège), Erifili Venieri(European Society of Cardiology), G. Sarri(European Society of Cardiology), Dimitris Tsiapras(University of Liège), I Armenis, A Koutsiari(European Society of Cardiology), G Floros(University of Liège), C. Grassos(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Stylianos Dragasis(University of Liège), Lοukianos S. Rallidis(University of Liège), Charalampos Varlamos(University of Liège), Lampros K. Michalis(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Katerina Κ. Naka, Aris Bechlioulis, Anna Kotsia(University of Liège), Λάμπρος Λάκκας(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Κωνσταντίνος Παππάς(University of Liège), Constantinos Papadopoulos(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Kiokas, Athina Lioni(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Misailidou(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), John Barbetseas(European Society of Cardiology), Μaria Bonou(University of Liège), Chris J. Kapelios(University of Liège), I Tomprou(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kanella Zerva, Athanasios Manolis(University of Liège), E. Hamodraka(European Society of Cardiology), Dimitrios Athanasiou(European Society of Cardiology), G Haralambidis(Iran University of Medical Sciences), H Samaras(University of Liège), L Poulimenos, A Nagy, Andrea Bartykowszki(University of Liège), Edit Gara(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kunda Mungulmare(University of Liège), Ravi R. Kasliwal(European Society of Cardiology), Manish Bansal(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Ranjan, A Bhan(European Society of Cardiology), Majid Kyavar(European Society of Cardiology), Majid Maleki, F Noohi Bezanjani, Azin Alizadehasl(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Shabnam Boudagh, A Ghavidel(University of Liège), Pardis Moradnejad, Hamid Reza Pasha(St Thomas' Hospital), Behshid Ghadrdoost(European Society of Cardiology), Dan Gilon(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jacob Strahilevitz(European Society of Cardiology), Maor Wanounou(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sarah Israel(University of Liège), Carlo D’Agostino(University of Liège), Paolo Colonna(University of Liège), Lucrezia De Michele, F Fumarola(European Society of Cardiology), M Stante(University of Liège), N Marchionni(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Valentina Scheggi(St Thomas' Hospital), B Alterini(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Stefano Del Pace(University of Liège), Pierluigi Stefàno(University of Liège), Clotilde Sparano(University of Liège), N Ruozi(University of Liège), R Tenaglia(European Society of Cardiology), Denisa Muraru(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Ugo Limbruno, Alberto Cresti(University of Liège), Pasquale Baratta(European Society of Cardiology), Marco Solari(University of Liège), Cristina Giannattasio, Antonella Moreo(St Thomas' Hospital), Benedetta De Chiara(St Thomas' Hospital), Beatriz Montero, F Musca(University of Liège), C A Orcese, Francesca Panzeri, F. Spano, Claudio Russo(University of Liège), Ottavio Alfieri(European Society of Cardiology), Michele De Bonis(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Stefania Chiappetta(St Thomas' Hospital), Benedetto Del Forno(European Society of Cardiology), Marco Ripa(University of Liège), Paolo Scarpellini(University of Liège), Chiara Tassan Din(St Thomas' Hospital), Barbara Castiglioni(University of Liège), Renée Pasciuta(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Silvia Carletti(European Society of Cardiology), David Ferrara(European Society of Cardiology), Monica Guffanti(European Society of Cardiology), Giuseppe Iaci(University of Liège), E Lapenna(University of Liège), Teodora Nisi(University of Liège), Chiara Oltolini(University of Liège), Elena Busnardo(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), U. Pajoro(University of Liège), Eustachio Agricola(University of Liège), Roberta Meneghin(European Society of Cardiology), Davide Schiavi, Federico Piscione(University of Liège), Rodolfo Citro, Rossella Maria Benvenga(University of Liège), Luigi Greco(University of Liège), L Soriente(University of Liège), I Radano(University of Liège), Costantina Prota(European Society of Cardiology), Michele Bellino(European Society of Cardiology), Davide Di Vece, Francesco Santini, Antonio Salsano, Guido Maria Olivieri, F Turrini(University of Liège), R Messora(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Stefano Tondi, Andreea Olaru(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Virginia Agnoletto(University of Liège), L Grassi(University of Liège), Claudia Leonardi(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Sansoni(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Stefano del Ponte, Guglielmo Mario Actis Dato, Andrea De Martino(University of Liège), Nobuyuki Ohte(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Shohei Kikuchi(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kazuaki Wakami(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kazutaka Aonuma(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yu Bin Seo(University of Liège), Tomoko Ishizu(University of Liège), Tomoko Machino‐Ohtsuka(European Society of Cardiology), Masae Yamamoto(University of Liège), N Iida(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hiromichi Nakajima(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yu Nakagawa(University of Liège), Chisato Izumi(European Society of Cardiology), Masashi Amano(European Society of Cardiology), Makoto Miyake(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kosuke Takahashi(University of Liège), Ichiro Shiojima(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yoko Miyasaka(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hirofumi Maeba(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yoshinobu Suwa(University of Liège), Naoyuki Taniguchi(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Satoshi Tsujimoto(University of Liège), Takeshi Kitai(European Society of Cardiology), Masao Ôta(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Satoshi Yuda(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Sasaki(University of Liège), N Hagiwara(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Katrina Go Yamazaki(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K Ashihara(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K Arai(University of Liège), Chihiro Saitou(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Saitou(European Society of Cardiology), G Suzuki(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yuichi Shibata(University of Liège), Naoki Watanabe(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Shun Nishino(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kohei Ashikaga(University of Liège), Nagato Kuriyama(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Keitaro Mahara(University of Liège), Takashi Okubo(Iran University of Medical Sciences), H Fujimaki(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hidemasa Shitan(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Haruko Yamamoto(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kyohei Abe(European Society of Cardiology), M Terada(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Shuichiro Takanashi(European Society of Cardiology), Masafumi Sata(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hirotsugu Yamada(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Kenya Kusunose(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Yasuaki Saijo(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Haruo Seno(University of Liège), O Yuichiro(University of Liège), T Onishi, Francesco Sera(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Satoshi Nakatani(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hiroya Mizuno(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K. Sengoku, S W Park(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K Eun Kyoung(University of Liège), L Ga Yeon, J-w Hwang(University of Liège), C Jin-Oh, S-J Park(University of Liège), L Sang-Chol(University of Liège), C Sung-A, Se Yong Jang(University of Liège), Ran Heo(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Lee, J-M Song(University of Liège), E. Jung(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jurgita Plisienė, A Dambrauskaite(European Society of Cardiology), G Gruodyte(University of Liège), Regina Jonkaitienė(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Vaida Mizarienė(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Atkocaityte(University of Liège), Rūta Žvirblytė(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Rouguiatou Sow(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), A. Codreanu(University of Liège), T. Staub(University of Liège), C. Michaux, E Chamorro-De Vega(University of Liège), L Jacobs-Orazi(University of Liège), C. Mallia Azzopardi(St Thomas' Hospital), Robert G. Xuereb(University of Liège), T. Piscopo(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), James Farrugia(European Society of Cardiology), M Fenech(University of Liège), E Pllaha(University of Liège), Ciro Vella(European Society of Cardiology), David Borg(University of Liège), Ramon Casha(University of Liège), L Grib(University of Liège), Elena Raevschi, A Grejdieru(European Society of Cardiology), D Kravcenco(University of Liège), E Prisacari(University of Liège), E Samohvalov(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Samohvalov(University of Liège), N Sceglova(University of Liège), E Panfile(University of Liège), L Cardaniuc(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Corcea, A Feodorovici(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Gaina(University of Liège), L Girbu(University of Liège), Pavlina Jimbei(European Society of Cardiology), Gheorghe G. Balan(University of Liège), I Cardaniuc(University of Liège), I Benesco(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Marian(University of Liège), N Sumarga(St Thomas' Hospital), B Božović(University of Liège), Nebojša Bulatović(University of Liège), P Lakovic(University of Liège), Ljilja Musić(University of Liège), Ricardo P.J. Budde, Ali R. Wahadat(University of Liège), T Gamela(University of Liège), T Meijers, Joost P. van Melle, Vincent M. van Deursen, Harry J.G.M. Crijns(Ecolab (United Kingdom)), S Bekkers(European Society of Cardiology), Emile C. Cheriex(European Society of Cardiology), M Gilbers, Bas Kietselaer(University of Liège), Christian Knackstedt(University of Liège), Roberto Lorusso(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Simon Schalla(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sebastian Streukens(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Steven A. J. Chamuleau, M-J Cramer, Arco J. Teske(University of Liège), T Van der Spoel, A Wind(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Lokhorst(University of Liège), O Liesbek(Iran University of Medical Sciences), H Van Heusden(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Wilco Tanis(University of Liège), Ivo van der Bilt(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Joris W.J. Vriend(Iran University of Medical Sciences), H De Lange-van Bruggen(University of Liège), E Karijodikoro(University of Liège), Robert K. Riezebos(University of Liège), Elise van Dongen(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Schoep(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), V Stolk, J T Offstad(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J O Beitnes(University of Liège), Thomas Helle-Valle(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Helge Skulstad(University of Liège), Rita Skårdal(University of Liège), Nadeem Qamar(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Shumaila Furnaz(St Thomas' Hospital), Bina Ahmed, M H Butt, M F Khanzada(University of Liège), Tahir Saghir, A Wahid(University of Liège), Tomasz Hryniewiecki(University of Liège), Piotr Szymański(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Karolina Marzec(European Society of Cardiology), M Misztal-Ogonowska(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Wojciech Kosmala(European Society of Cardiology), M Przewlocka-Kosmala, Amanda Rojek(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), K Woznicka(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Zachwyc, Anna Lisowska(European Society of Cardiology), M. Kamińska, Jarosław D. Kasprzak(University of Liège), Ewelina Kowalczyk, D F Strzecka(University of Liège), Paulina Wejner‐Mik(European Society of Cardiology), M Trabulo(University of Liège), P Freitas(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sara Ranchordás(European Society of Cardiology), Gabriel Rodrigues(University of Liège), Patrícia Pinto(University of Liège), Catarina Queirós(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Azevedo(University of Liège), L Marques(European Society of Cardiology), Daniel Seabra(University of Liège), Luísa Moura Branco(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J. Abreu(European Society of Cardiology), Madalena Coutinho Cruz, A Galrinho(University of Liège), Rita Ilhão Moreira(University of Liège), Pedro Rio(University of Liège), Ana Teresa Timóteo(European Society of Cardiology), Mafalda Selas(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Vanda Carmelo(St Thomas' Hospital), Bernardo Neves(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hélder Pereira, Andrea Guerra, A Marques(University of Liège), I Pintassilgo, Mirela Tomescu, N-M Trofenciuc(European Society of Cardiology), Minodora Andor, A Bordejevic, H S Branea, Florin Alexandru Căruntu(University of Liège), L A Velcean, Adelina Mavrea, Mustafa Önel(University of Liège), T Parvanescu(Ecolab (United Kingdom)), Dana Pop(University of Liège), Adina Pop‐Moldovan, M. I. Puticiu(University of Liège), Liviu Cirin, Ioana Mihaela Citu(University of Liège), Coralia Cotoraci(European Society of Cardiology), D Darabantiu(University of Liège), R. Farcas(University of Liège), Iosif Marincu, A. Ionac(European Society of Cardiology), Dragoș Cozma(University of Liège), Cristian Mornoş, F Goanta(Ecolab (United Kingdom)), I Popescu(University of Liège), Ruxandra Beyer(University of Liège), Razvan O. Mada(University of Liège), Raluca Rancea(University of Liège), Raluca Tomoaia(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Ştefan Horia Roşian(University of Liège), Cristina Stănescu(University of Liège), Zhanna Kobalava(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Karaulova(University of Liège), E. O. Kotova, A Milto, A. S. Pisaryuk(University of Liège), N Povalyaev(European Society of Cardiology), Maria Sorokina(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jamilah AlRahimi, A Elshiekh, Abdulrahman Jamiel, Ali Ahmed(University of Liège), N. Attia(St Thomas' Hospital), B Putnikovic, Andreja Dimić(St Thomas' Hospital), Branislava Ivanović(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Matić(European Society of Cardiology), Danijela Trifunović(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jelena Petrović(European Society of Cardiology), D Kosevic(University of Liège), Ivana Stojanović(University of Liège), Ivana Petrović(University of Liège), P Dabic(University of Liège), Predrag Milojević(University of Liège), Ilija Srdanović(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Susak(University of Liège), Lazar Velicki, Aleksandra Vulin(European Society of Cardiology), M Kovacević, Aleksandar Redžek(European Society of Cardiology), Maja Stefanović, Tiong Cheng Yeo, William Kong, Kian Keong Poh(University of Liège), Isidre Vilacosta(University of Liège), C Ferrera(University of Liège), Carmen Olmos(European Society of Cardiology), M Abd El- Nasser, Francisco Calvo(University of Liège), E Blanco-Gonzalez(European Society of Cardiology), M Bravo Amaro(University of Liège), Elena López-Rodríguez(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Lugo Adan(University of Liège), A. Nodar Germiñas(University of Liège), Pablo Pazos-López(European Society of Cardiology), M Pereira Loureiro, Maria T. Perez(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Sergio Raposeiras‐Roubín(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Rasheed Yas, M-M Suarez-Varela, F Vasallo Vidal(European Society of Cardiology), David García‐Dorado(University of Liège), Nuria Fernández‐Hidalgo(University of Liège), Teresa González‐Alujas(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Lozano(University of Liège), Olga Maisterra(University of Liège), Natalia Pizzi(University of Liège), Raquel Ríos, Antoni Bayés‐Genís(University of Liège), L Pedro Botet(University of Liège), Núria Vallejo(University of Liège), C Llibre(University of Liège), Lourdes Mateu(University of Liège), R Nunez(European Society of Cardiology), D Quesada(University of Liège), E. Berastegui(European Society of Cardiology), D Bosch Portell(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Aboal Vinas(Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie), X Bertrán(University of Liège), R Brugada Tarradellas(University of Liège), P Loma-Osorio Ricon(University of Liège), C Tiron de Llano(European Society of Cardiology), Miguel Á. Arnau, A. Bel(European Society of Cardiology), Marino Blanes, A. Osa(European Society of Cardiology), M Anguita, Fernando Carrasco, Juan C. Castillo, J. L. Zamorano, José Luis Moya Mur(European Society of Cardiology), M Alvaro(University of Liège), Covadonga Fernández‐Golfín, J M Monteagudo(University of Liège), Enrique Navas, MICHELLE CARRASQUEL ALVAREZ(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Agüero Balbín(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jesús Zarauza, J.F. Gutiérrez-Díez(University of Liège), Carlos Armiñanzas, Francisco Arnaíz de las Revillas, A Arnaiz Garcia(European Society of Cardiology), Manuel Cobo Belaustegui(European Society of Cardiology), Marta Fernández Sampedro(European Society of Cardiology), Manuel Cuadra(University of Liège), L García Cuello(University of Liège), Claudia González-Rico(University of Liège), Regino Rodríguez(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Josune Goikoetxea(European Society of Cardiology), Miguel Montejo, José M. Miró(European Society of Cardiology), Manel Almela(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Juan Ambrosioni, Asunción Moreno(University of Liège), Eduard Quintana(University of Liège), Elena Sandoval, Adrián Téllez, José Marı́a Tolosana(St Thomas' Hospital), Bárbara Vidal(University of Liège), Carlos Falces(European Society of Cardiology), David Fuster(University of Liège), C Garcia-de-la-Maria(European Society of Cardiology), Marta Hernández‐Meneses(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Juan Llopis, Francesc Marco(University of Liège), Isabel Ruíz-Zamora, A Bardaji Ruiz(University of Liège), E. Sanz(European Society of Cardiology), Graciano García‐Pardo(European Society of Cardiology), Marta Guillén Marzo, A Rodriguez Oviedo, A Villares Jimenez(University of Liège), Leïla Abid(University of Liège), Rania Hammami(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S. Kammoun, Mohamed Sami Mourali, F Mghaieth Zghal(European Society of Cardiology), Manel Ben Hlima(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S. Boudiche(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S. Ouali(University of Liège), Lilia Zakhama(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Antit(University of Liège), I. Ben Slama(University of Liège), Okan Gülel(European Society of Cardiology), Müjgan Ayşenur Şahin(Iran University of Medical Sciences), L E Sade(University of Liège), Emir Karaçağlar(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Kucukoglu(University of Liège), Özge Çetinarslan, Ümit Yaşar Sinan(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Uğur Canpolat(St Thomas' Hospital), Bülent Mutlu(Iran University of Medical Sciences), Hakan Ataş(University of Liège), R Dervishova(University of Liège), Çiğdem İleri(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Alhashmi(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), J Tahir(University of Liège), P Zarger, F Baslib(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Simon Woldman(University of Liège), Leon Menezes(University of Liège), C Primus(University of Liège), Rakesh Uppal(University of Liège), I Bvekerwa(St Thomas' Hospital), Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, A Kopanska(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), John B. Chambers(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jane Hancock(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), John L. Klein(University of Liège), Ronak Rajani, Maria Paola Ursi(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), Stefano Cannata(University of Liège), Rafał Dworakowski, A Fife(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), John Breeze(European Society of Cardiology), M Browne-Morgan(European Society of Cardiology), M. Gunning(Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg), S Streather, Federico M. Asch(European Society of Cardiology), M Zemedkun(St Thomas' Hospital), B. A. Alyavi(Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Jamol Uzokov
European Heart Journal
August 12, 2019
10.1093/eurheartj/ehz620
Cited by 857Open Access
Full Text

Abstract

AIMS: The EURO-ENDO registry aimed to study the management and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort of 3116 adult patients (2470 from Europe, 646 from non-ESC countries), admitted to 156 hospitals in 40 countries between January 2016 and March 2018 with a diagnosis of IE based on ESC 2015 diagnostic criteria. Clinical, biological, microbiological, and imaging [echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT)] data were collected. Infective endocarditis was native (NVE) in 1764 (56.6%) patients, prosthetic (PVIE) in 939 (30.1%), and device-related (CDRIE) in 308 (9.9%). Infective endocarditis was community-acquired in 2046 (65.66%) patients. Microorganisms involved were staphylococci in 1085 (44.1%) patients, oral streptococci in 304 (12.3%), enterococci in 390 (15.8%), and Streptococcus gallolyticus in 162 (6.6%). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed in 518 (16.6%) patients and presented with cardiac uptake (major criterion) in 222 (42.9%) patients, with a better sensitivity in PVIE (66.8%) than in NVE (28.0%) and CDRIE (16.3%). Embolic events occurred in 20.6% of patients, and were significantly associated with tricuspid or pulmonary IE, presence of a vegetation and Staphylococcus aureus IE. According to ESC guidelines, cardiac surgery was indicated in 2160 (69.3%) patients, but finally performed in only 1596 (73.9%) of them. In-hospital death occurred in 532 (17.1%) patients and was more frequent in PVIE. Independent predictors of mortality were Charlson index, creatinine > 2 mg/dL, congestive heart failure, vegetation length > 10 mm, cerebral complications, abscess, and failure to undertake surgery when indicated. CONCLUSION: Infective endocarditis is still a life-threatening disease with frequent lethal outcome despite profound changes in its clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic profiles.

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