Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective
Günter Blöschl(TU Wien), Marc F. P. Bierkens(Utrecht University), António Chambel(University of Évora), Christophe Cudennec(Institut Agro Rennes-Angers), Georgia Destouni(Stockholm University), Aldo Fiori(Roma Tre University), James W. Kirchner(Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research), Jeffrey J. McDonnell(University of Saskatchewan), H. H. G. Savenije(Delft University of Technology), Murugesu Sivapalan(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Christine Stumpp(BOKU University), Elena Toth(University of Bologna), Elena Volpi(Roma Tre University), Gemma Carr(TU Wien), Claire Lupton(HR Wallingford), José Luis Salinas(TU Wien), Borbála Széles(TU Wien), Alberto Viglione(Politecnico di Torino), Hafzullah Aksoy(Istanbul Technical University), Scott T. Allen(ETH Zurich), Anam Amin(University of Padua), Vazken Andréassian, Berit Arheimer(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute), Santosh Aryal(CSIRO Land and Water), Victor R. Baker(University of Arizona), W.E. Bardsley(University of Waikato), Marlies H. Barendrecht(TU Wien), Alena Bartošová(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute), Okke Batelaan(Flinders University), Wouter R. Berghuijs(ETH Zurich), Keith Beven(Lancaster University), Theresa Blume(GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences), Thom Bogaard(Delft University of Technology), Pablo Borges de Amorim(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Michael E. Böttcher(Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde), Gilles Boulet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Korbinian Breinl(TU Wien), Mitja Brilly(University of Ljubljana), Luca Brocca(Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection), Wouter Buytaert(Imperial College London), Attilio Castellarin(University of Bologna), Andrea Castelletti(Politecnico di Milano), Xiaohong Chen(Sun Yat-sen University), Yangbo Chen(Sun Yat-sen University), Yuanfang Chen(Sun Yat-sen University), Peter Chifflard(Philipps University of Marburg), Pierluigi Claps(Politecnico di Torino), Martyn Clark(University of Saskatchewan), Adrian L. Collins(Rothamsted Research), Barry Croke(Australian National University), Annette Dathe(Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research), Paula Cunha David(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Felipe P. J. de Barros(University of Southern California), Gerrit H. de Rooij(Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research), Giuliano Di Baldassarre(Uppsala University), Jessica M. Driscoll(United States Geological Survey), Doris Duethmann(TU Wien), Ravindra Dwivedi(University of Arizona), Ebru Eriş(Ege University), William Farmer(United States Geological Survey), James Feiccabrino(Lund University), Grant Ferguson(University of Saskatchewan), Ennio Ferrari(University of Calabria), Stefano Ferraris(Politecnico di Torino), Benjamin Fersch(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), David C. Finger(Reykjavík University), Laura Foglia(University of California, Davis), Keirnan Fowler(The University of Melbourne), Б. И. Гарцман(Institute of Water Problems), Simon Gascoin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Éric Gaumé, Alexander Gelfan(Lomonosov Moscow State University), Josie Geris(University of Aberdeen), Shervan Gharari(University of Saskatchewan), Tom Gleeson(University of Victoria), Miriam Glendell(James Hutton Institute), Alena Gonzalez Bevacqua(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), María P. González-Dugo(Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training), Salvatore Grimaldi(Università degli Studi della Tuscia), A.B. Gupta(Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur), Björn Guse(GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences), Dawei Han(University of Bristol), David M. Hannah(University of Birmingham), A. A. Harpold(University of Nevada, Reno), Stefan Haun(University of Stuttgart), Kate V. Heal(University of Edinburgh), Kay Helfricht(Austrian Academy of Sciences), Mathew Herrnegger(BOKU University), Matthew R. Hipsey(The University of Western Australia), Hana Hlaváčiková(Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute), Clara Hohmann(University of Graz), Ladislav Holko(Slovak Academy of Sciences), Christopher Hopkinson(University of Lethbridge), Markus Hrachowitz(Delft University of Technology), Tissa H. Illangasekare(Colorado School of Mines), Azhar Inam(McGill University), Camyla Innocente dos Santos(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Erkan İstanbulluoğlu(University of Washington), Ben Jarihani(University of the Sunshine Coast), Zahra Kalantari(Stockholm University), Andis Kalvāns(University of Latvia), Sonu Khanal, Sina Khatami(The University of Melbourne), Jens Kiesel(Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries), M. J. Kirkby(University of Leeds), Wouter Knoben(University of Bristol), Krzysztof Kochanek(Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences), Silvia Kohnová(Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava), Alla Kolechkina(Delft University of Technology), Stefan Krause(University of Birmingham), David K. Kreamer(University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Heidi Kreibich(GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences), Harald Kunstmann(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Holger Lange(Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research), Margarida L. R. Liberato(University of Lisbon), Eric Lindquist(Boise State University), Timothy E. Link(University of Idaho), Junguo Liu(Southern University of Science and Technology), Daniel P. Loucks(Cornell University), Charles H. Luce(US Forest Service), Gil Mahé(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Olga Makarieva(Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science), Julien Jean Malard-Adam(McGill University), Shamshagul Mashtayeva(L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University), Shreedhar Maskey(IHE Delft Institute for Water Education), Josep Mas‐Pla(Universitat de Girona), Maria Mavrova-Guirguinova(University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy), Maurizio Mazzoleni(Uppsala University), Sebastian H. Mernild(Western Norway University of Applied Sciences), Bruce Dudley Misstear(Trinity College Dublin), Alberto Montanari(University of Bologna), Hannes Müller‐Thomy(TU Wien), Alireza Nabizadeh(Shiraz University), Fernando Nardi(University for Foreigners Perugia), Christopher M. U. Neale(University of Nebraska–Lincoln), Nataliia Nesterova(State Hydrological Institute), Bakhram Nurtaev, Vincent Odongo(Uppsala University), Subhabrata Panda(Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya), Saket Pande(Delft University of Technology), Zhonghe Pang(Chinese Academy of Sciences), Georgia Papacharalampous(National Technical University of Athens), Charles Perrin, Laurent Pfister(University of Luxembourg), Rafael Pimentel(Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra), María José Polo(Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra), David Post(CSIRO Land and Water), Cristina Prieto(Universidad de Cantabria), Maria‐Helena Ramos, Maik Renner(Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry), José Eduardo Reynolds(Uppsala University), Elena Ridolfi(Uppsala University), Riccardo Rigon(University of Trento), Mònica Riva(Politecnico di Milano), David Robertson(CSIRO Land and Water), R. Rosso(Politecnico di Milano), Tirthankar Roy(Princeton University), João Henrique Macedo Sá(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Gianfausto Salvadori(University of Salento), Melody Sandells, Bettina Schaefli(University of Lausanne), Andreas Schumann(Ruhr University Bochum), Anna Scolobig(University of Geneva), Jan Seibert(University of Zurich), Éric Servat(Université de Montpellier), Mojtaba Shafiei(Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research), Ashish Sharma(UNSW Sydney), Moussa Sidibé(Coventry University), Roy C. Sidle, Thomas Skaugen(Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate), Hugh G. Smith(Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research), Sabine M. Spiessl, Lina Stein(University of Bristol), Ingelin Steinsland(Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Ulrich Strasser(Universität Innsbruck), Zhongbo Su(University of Twente), Ján Szolgay(Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava), David G. Tarboton(Utah State University), Flavia Tauro(Università degli Studi della Tuscia), Guillaume Thirel, Fuqiang Tian(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research), Rui Tong(TU Wien), Kamshat Tussupova(Lund University), Hristos Tyralis(Hellenic Air Force), R. Uijlenhoet(Wageningen University & Research), Rens van Beek(Utrecht University), Ruud van der Ent(Utrecht University), Martine van der Ploeg(Wageningen University & Research), Anne F. Van Loon(University of Birmingham), Ilja van Meerveld(University of Zurich), Ronald van Nooijen(Delft University of Technology), Pieter van Oel(Wageningen University & Research), Jean‐Philippe Vidal(Forum Réfugiés - Cosi), Jana von Freyberg(Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research), Sergiy Vorogushyn(GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences), Przemysław Wachniew(AGH University of Krakow), Andrew J. Wade(University of Reading), Philip J. Ward(Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Ida Westerberg(IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute), Christopher J. White(University of Strathclyde), Eric F. Wood(Princeton University), Ross Woods(University of Bristol), Zongxue Xu(Beijing Normal University), Koray K. Yılmaz(Middle East Technical University), Yongqiang Zhang(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research)
Cited by 1,121Open Access
Abstract
This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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