Serum magnesium and calcium levels in relation to ischemic stroke
Susanna C. Larsson(Karolinska Institutet), Matthew Traylor(Karolinska Institutet), Stephen Burgess(Karolinska Institutet), Giorgio B. Boncoraglio(Karolinska Institutet), Christina Jern(Karolinska Institutet), Karl Michaëlsson(Karolinska Institutet), Hugh S. Markus(Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta), Rainer Malik, Ganesh Chauhan, Matthew Traylor(University of Cambridge), Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Yukinori Okada, Aniket Mishra, Loes C.A. Rutten‐Jacobs, Anne-Katrin Giese, Sander W. van der Laan, Sólveig Grétarsdóttir, Christopher D. Anderson, Michael Chong(University of Cambridge), Hieab H.H. Adams, Tetsuro Ago, Peter Almgren, Philippe Amouyel(Institut Pasteur de Lille), Hakan Ay(University of Cambridge), R. Bartz, Oscar Benavente, Steve Bevan, Giorgio B. Boncoraglio(University of Cambridge), Robert D Brown, Adam S. Butterworth, Caty Carrera, Cara L. Carty, Daniel I. Chasman, Wei‐Min Chen, John W. Cole, Adolfo Correa, Ioana Cotlarciuc, Carlos Cruchaga, John Danesh, Paul IW de Bakker, Anita L. DeStefano, Marcel den Hoed, Qing Duan, Stefan T. Engelter, Guido J. Falcone, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Raji P. Grewal, Vilmundur Guðnason, Stefan Gustafsson, Jeffrey Haessler, Tamara B. Harris, Ahamad Hassan, Aki S. Havulinna, Susan R. Heckbert, Elizabeth Holliday, George Howard, Fang‐Chi Hsu, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, M. Arfan Ikram, Erik Ingelsson, Marguerite R. Irvin, Xueqiu Jian, Jordi Jiménez‐Conde, Julie A. Johnson, J. Wouter Jukema, Masahiro Kanai, Keith L. Keene, Brett Kissela, Dawn Kleindorfer, Charles Kooperberg, Michiaki Kubo, Leslie A. Lange, Carl D. Langefeld, Claudia Langenberg, Lenore J. Launer, Jin‐Moo Lee, Robin Lemmens, Didier Leys, Cathryn M. Lewis, Wei‐Yu Lin, Arne Lindgren, Erik Lorentzen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Jane Maguire, Ani Manichaikul, Patrick F. McArdle, James F. Meschia, Braxton D Mitchell, Thomas H Mosley, Michael A. Nalls(University of Cambridge), Toshiharu Ninomiya, Martin O’Donnell, Bruce M. Psaty, Sara L. Pulit, Kristiina Rannikmäe, Alex P. Reiner, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Kenneth Rice, Stephen S. Rich, Paul M. Ridker, Natalia S. Rost, Peter M Rothwell, Jerome I Rotter, Tatjana Rundek, Ralph L. Sacco, Saori Sakaue, Michèle M. Sale, Veikko Salomaa, Bishwa R. Sapkota, Reinhold Schmidt, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Ulf Schminke, Pankaj Sharma, Agnieszka Slowik, Cathie Sudlow, Christian Tanislav, Turgut Tatlisumak, Kent D. Taylor, Vincent Thijs, Gudmar Thorleifsson, U. Thorsteinsdottir, Steffen Tiedt, Stella Trompet, Christophe Tzourio, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Matthew Walters(University of Cambridge), Nicholas J. Wareham, Sylvia Wassertheil‐Smoller, James Wilson, Kerri L. Wiggins, Qiong Yang, Salim Yusuf, Najaf Amin, Hugo J. Aparicio, Donna K. Arnett, John Attia, Alexa Beiser, Claudine Berr, Julie E. Buring, Mariana Bustamante, Valeria Caso, Yu‐Ching Cheng, Seung Hoan Choi, Ayesha Chowhan, Natàlia Cullell, Jean‐François Dartigues, Hossein Delavaran, Pilar Delgado, Marcus Dörr, Gunnar Engström, Ian Ford, Wander S. Gurpreet, Anders Hamsten, Laura Heitsch, Atsushi Hozawa, Laura Ibáñez, Andreea Ilinca, Martin Ingelsson, Motoki Iwasaki, Rebecca D. Jackson, Katarina Jood, Pekka Jousilahti, Sara Kaffashian, Lalit Kalra, Masahiro Kamouchi, Takanari Kitazono, Ólafur Kjartansson, Manja Kloß, Peter J. Koudstaal, Jerzy Krupiński, Daniel Labovitz, Cathy C. Laurie, Christopher Levi, Linxin Li(University of Cambridge), Lars Lind(University of Cambridge), Cecilia M. Lindgren, Vasileios Lioutas, Yong Mei Liu, Oscar L. Lopez, Makoto Hirata, Nicolas Martinez‐Majander, Koichi Matsuda, Naoko Minegishi, Joan Montaner, Andrew P. Morris, Elena Muiño, Martina Müller‐Nurasyid, Bo Norrving(University of Cambridge), Soichi Ogishima, Eugenio Parati, Leema Reddy Peddareddygari, Nancy L. Pedersen, Joanna Pera, Markus Perola, Alessandro Pezzini, Silvana Pileggi, Raquel Rabionet, Iolanda Riba‐Llena, Marta Ribasés, José R. Romero, Jaume Roquer, Anthony Rudd, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Sarju Ralhan, Chloé Sarnowski, Makoto Sasaki, Claudia L. Satizábal, Mamoru Satoh, Naveed Sattar, Norie Sawada, Gerli Sibolt, Ásgeir Sigurðsson, Albert V. Smith, Kenji Sobue, Carolina Soriano‐Tárraga, Tara M. Stanne, O. Colin Stine, David J. Stott, Konstantin Strauch, Takako Takai, Hideo Tanaka, Kozo Tanno, Alexander Teumer, Liisa Tomppo, Nuria P. Torres‐Aguila, Emmanuel Touzé, Shoichiro Tsugane, André G. Uitterlinden, Einar Már Valdimarsson, Sven J. van der Lee, Henry Völzke, Kenji Wakai, David R. Weir, Stephen R. Williams, Charles Wolfe, Quenna Wong, Huichun Xu, Taiki Yamaji, Dharambir K. Sanghera, Olle Melander, Christina Jern(University of Cambridge), Daniel Strbian, Israel Fernández‐Cadenas, W. T. Longstreth(University of Cambridge), Arndt Rolfs, Jun Hata, Daniel Woo, Jonathan Rosand, Guillaume Paré, Jemma C. Hopewell, Danish Saleheen, Kari Stefansson, Bradford B. Worrall, Steven J. Kittner, Sudha Seshadri, Myriam Fornage, Hugh S. Markus(Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta), Joanna M. M. Howson, Yoichiro Kamatani, Stéphanie Debette, Martin Dichgans
Cited by 85Open Access
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum magnesium and calcium concentrations are causally associated with ischemic stroke or any of its subtypes using the mendelian randomization approach. METHODS: Analyses were conducted using summary statistics data for 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with serum magnesium (n = 6) or serum calcium (n = 7) concentrations. The corresponding data for ischemic stroke were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium (34,217 cases and 404,630 noncases). RESULTS: = 0.46). Only the association with cardioembolic stroke was robust in sensitivity analyses. There was no association of genetically predicted serum calcium concentrations with all ischemic stroke (per 0.5 mg/dL [about 1 SD] increase in serum calcium: odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.88-1.21) or with any subtype. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that genetically higher serum magnesium concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of cardioembolic stroke but found no significant association of genetically higher serum calcium concentrations with any ischemic stroke subtype.
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