Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines
Clotilde Théry(Inserm), Kenneth W. Witwer(Johns Hopkins University), Elena Aïkawa(Brigham and Women's Hospital), María José Alcaraz(Universitat Politècnica de València), Johnathon D. Anderson(University of California, Davis), Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina(Inserm), Anna Antoniou(University Hospital Bonn), Tanina Arab(Inserm), Fabienne Archer(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Georgia K. Atkin‐Smith(La Trobe University), D. Craig Ayre(Mount Allison University), Jean‐Marie Bach(Université Bretagne Loire), Daniel Bachurski(University of Cologne), Hossein Baharvand(University of Science and Culture), Leonora Balaj(Massachusetts General Hospital), Shawn Baldacchino(University of Malta), Natalie Bauer(University of South Alabama), Amy A. Baxter(La Trobe University), Mary Bebawy(University of Technology Sydney), Carla Beckham(University of Rochester), Apolonija Bedina Zavec(National Institute of Chemistry), Abderrahim Benmoussa(Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval), Anna C. Berardi(Ospedale di Santo Spirito), Paolo Bergese(Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase), Ewa Bielska(University of Birmingham), Cherie Blenkiron(University of Auckland), Sylwia Bobis‐Wozowicz(Jagiellonian University), Éric Boilard(Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval), Wilfrid Boireau(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Antonella Bongiovanni(Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy), Francesc E. Borràs(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Steffi Bösch(Université Bretagne Loire), Chantal M. Boulanger(Délégation Paris 5), Xandra O. Breakefield(Harvard University), Andrew Breglio(National Institutes of Health), Meadhbh Á. Brennan(Harvard University), David R. Brigstock(Nationwide Children's Hospital), Alain Brisson(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Marike L. D. Broekman(Leiden University Medical Center), Jacqueline Bromberg(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Paulina Bryl‐Górecka(Lund University), Shilpa Buch(University of Nebraska Medical Center), Amy H. Buck(Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution), Dylan Burger(University of Ottawa), Sara Busatto(Mayo Clinic in Florida), Dominik Buschmann(Technical University of Munich), Benedetta Bussolati(University of Turin), Edit I. Buzás(Semmelweis University), James Brian Byrd(University of Michigan), Giovanni Camussi(University of Turin), David R. F. Carter(Oxford Brookes University), Sarah Caruso(La Trobe University), Lawrence W. Chamley(University of Auckland), Yu‐Ting Chang(National Taiwan University Hospital), Chihchen Chen(National Tsing Hua University), Daiwen Chen(Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN)), Lesley Cheng(La Trobe University), Andrew R. Chin(Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), Aled Clayton(Cardiff University), Stefano Piatto Clerici(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)), Alex Cocks(Cardiff University), Emanuele Cocucci(The Ohio State University), Robert J. Coffey(Vanderbilt University Medical Center), Anabela Cordeiro‐da‐Silva(Universidade do Porto), Yvonne Couch(University of Oxford), Frank A. W. Coumans(University of Amsterdam), Beth Coyle(University of Nottingham), Rossella Crescitelli(University of Gothenburg), Miriã Ferreira Criado(Universidade de São Paulo), Crislyn D’Souza‐Schorey(University of Notre Dame), Saumya Das(Massachusetts General Hospital), Amrita Datta Chaudhuri(Johns Hopkins University), Paola de Candia(MultiMedica), Eliezer F De Santana(Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein), Olivier De Wever(Ghent University), Hernando A. del Portillo(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Tanguy Demaret(UCLouvain), Sarah Deville(Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Andrew Devitt(Aston University), Bert Dhondt(Ghent University Hospital), Dolores Di Vizio(Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), Lothar C. Dieterich(ETH Zurich), Vincenza Dolo(University of L'Aquila), Ana Paula Domínguez Rubio(Universidad de Buenos Aires), Massimo Dominici(University of Modena and Reggio Emilia), Maurício Rocha Dourado(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)), Tom A. P. Driedonks(Utrecht University), Filipe V. Duarte, Heather M. Duncan(McGill University Health Centre), Ramon M. Eichenberger(Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine), Karin M. Ekström(University of Gothenburg), Samir EL Andaloussi(Karolinska Institutet), Céline Élie-Caille(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Uta Erdbrügger(University of Virginia Health System), Juan Manuel Falcón‐Pérez(Ikerbasque), Farah Fatima(Universidade de São Paulo), Jason E. Fish(University Health Network), Miguel Flores‐Bellver(University of Colorado Denver), András Försönits(Semmelweis University), Annie Frelet‐Barrand(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Fabia Fricke(German Cancer Research Center), Gregor Fuhrmann(Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Susanne Gabrielsson(Karolinska Institutet), Ana Gámez‐Valero(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Chris Gardiner(University College London), Kathrin Gärtner(Helmholtz Zentrum München), Raphaël Gaudin(Inserm), Yong Song Gho(Pohang University of Science and Technology), Bernd Giebel, Caroline Gilbert(Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval), Mario Gimona(Paracelsus Medical University), Ilaria Giusti(University of L'Aquila), Deborah C. I. Goberdhan(University of Oxford), André Görgens(Karolinska Institutet), Sharon M. Gorski(Simon Fraser University), David W. Greening(La Trobe University), Julia Christina Gross(Universitätsmedizin Göttingen), Alice Gualerzi(Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation), Gopal N. Gupta(Loyola University Chicago), Dakota Gustafson(University of Toronto), Aase Handberg(Aalborg University Hospital), Reka A. Haraszti(University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School), Paul Harrison(Psychiatry Research Trust), Hargita Hegyesi(Semmelweis University), An Hendrix(Ghent University), Andrew F. Hill(La Trobe University), Fred H. Hochberg(University of California San Diego), Karl F. Hoffmann(Aberystwyth University), Beth Holder(MRC Unit the Gambia), Harry Holthöfer(Universität Hamburg), Baharak Hosseinkhani(Hasselt University), Guoku Hu(University of Nebraska Medical Center), Yiyao Huang(Johns Hopkins University), Veronica Huber(Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori), Stuart Hunt(University of Sheffield), Ahmed Ibrahim(Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), Tsuneya Ikezu(Boston University), Jameel M. Inal(University of Hertfordshire), Mustafa Işın(Istanbul University), Alena Ivanova(German Cancer Research Center), Hannah K. Jackson(University of Nottingham), Søren Jacobsen(University of Copenhagen), Steven M. Jay(University of Maryland, College Park), Muthuvel Jayachandran(Mayo Clinic), Guido Jenster(Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences), Lanzhou Jiang(La Trobe University), Suzanne M. Johnson(University of Manchester), Jennifer Jones(National Institutes of Health), Ambrose Jong(University of Southern California), Tijana Jovanović‐Talisman(City of Hope), Stephanie Jung(Helmholtz Zentrum München), Raghu Kalluri(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Shin‐ichi Kano(Johns Hopkins University), Sukhbir Kaur(National Institutes of Health), Yumi Kawamura(University of Tsukuba), Evan T. Keller(University of Michigan), Delaram Khamari(Semmelweis University), Elena Khomyakova(Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine named after Y.M. Lopukhin), Anastasia Khvorova(University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School), Peter Kierulf(Oslo University Hospital), Kwang Pyo Kim(Kyung Hee University), Thomas Kislinger(University Health Network), Mikael Klingeborn(Duke University), David J. Klinke(West Virginia University), Miroslaw Kornek(Bundeswehrzentralkrankenhaus Koblenz), Maja Kosanović(University of Belgrade), Árpád Ferenc Kovács(Semmelweis University), Eva‐Maria Krämer‐Albers(University of Applied Sciences Mainz), Susanne Krasemann(Universität Hamburg), Mirja Krause(Hudson Institute of Medical Research), Igor V. Kurochkin(Sysmex (Japan)), Gina D. Kusuma(Hudson Institute of Medical Research), Sören Kuypers(Hasselt University), Saara Laitinen(Finnish Red Cross), Scott M. Langevin(University of Cincinnati Medical Center), Lucia R. Languino(Thomas Jefferson University), Joanne Lannigan(University of Virginia), Cecilia Lässer(University of Gothenburg), Louise C. Laurent(University of California San Diego), Grégory Lavieu(Inserm), Elisa Lázaro‐Ibáñez(AstraZeneca (Sweden)), Soazig Le Lay(Inserm), Myung‐Shin Lee(Eulji University), Yi Lee(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Débora S. Lemos(Universidade Federal do Paraná), Metka Lenassi(University of Ljubljana), Aleksandra Leszczynska(University of California San Diego), Isaac T. S. Li(University of British Columbia), Ke Liao(University of Nebraska Medical Center), Sten F.W.M. Libregts(University of Cambridge), Erzsébet Ligeti(Semmelweis University), Rebecca Lim(Hudson Institute of Medical Research), Sai Kiang Lim(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Aija Linē(Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre), Karen Linnemannstöns(Universitätsmedizin Göttingen), Alicia Llorente(Oslo University Hospital), Catherine Lombard(UCLouvain), Magdalena J. Lorenowicz(Utrecht University), Ákos M. Lőrincz(Semmelweis University), Jan Lötvall(University of Gothenburg), Jason Lovett(Stellenbosch University), Michelle C. Lowry(Trinity College Dublin), Xavier Loyer(Délégation Paris 5), Quan Lu(Harvard University), Barbara Łukomska(Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences), Taral R. Lunavat(University of Bergen), Sybren L. N. Maas(Utrecht University), Harmeet Malhi(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Antonio Marcilla(Universitat de València), Jacopo Mariani(University of Milan), Javier Mariscal(Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova(Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences), Lorena Martín‐Jaular(Inserm), Maria Carmen Martínez(Inserm), Vilma R. Martins(AC Camargo Hospital), Mathilde Mathieu(Inserm), Suresh Mathivanan(La Trobe University), Marco Maugeri(University of Gothenburg), Lynda K. McGinnis(University of Southern California), Mark J. McVey(University of Toronto), David G. Meckes(Florida State University), Katie Meehan(The University of Western Australia), Inge Mertens(University of Antwerp), Valentina R. Minciacchi(Georg Speyer Haus), Andreas Möller(QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute), Maléne Møller Jørgensen(Aalborg University Hospital), Aizea Morales‐Kastresana(National Institutes of Health), Jess Morhayim(Erasmus MC), François Mullier(UCLouvain), Maurizio Muraca(University of Padua), Luca Musante(University of Virginia Health System), Veronika Mussack(Technical University of Munich), Dillon C. Muth(Johns Hopkins University), Kathryn H. Myburgh(Stellenbosch University), Tanbir Najrana(Brown University), Muhammad Nawaz(University of Gothenburg), Irina Nazarenko(University of Freiburg), Peter Nejsum(Aarhus University), Christian Néri(Sorbonne Université), Tommaso Neri(University of Pisa), Rienk Nieuwland(University of Amsterdam), Leonardo Nimrichter(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), John P. Nolan(Scintillon Institute), Esther Nm Nolte-'t Hoen(Utrecht University), Nicole Noren Hooten(National Institutes of Health), Lorraine O’Driscoll(Trinity College Dublin), Tina O’Grady(University of Liège), Ana O’Loghlen(Queen Mary University of London), Takahiro Ochiya, Martin Olivier(McGill University Health Centre), Alberto Ortíz(Spanish Clinical Research Network), Luis A. Ortiz(University of Pittsburgh), Xabier Osteikoetxea(AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)), Ole Østergaard(Statens Serum Institut), Matías Ostrowski(Universidad de Buenos Aires), Jaesung Park(Pohang University of Science and Technology), D. Michiel Pegtel(Amsterdam University Medical Centers), Héctor Peinado(Spanish National Cancer Research Centre), Francesca Perut(Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli), Michael W. Pfaffl(Technical University of Munich), Donald G. Phinney(Scripps Research Institute), Bartijn C. H. Pieters(Radboud University Nijmegen), Ryan Pink(Oxford Brookes University), David S. Pisetsky(Duke Medical Center), Elke Pogge von Strandmann(Philipps University of Marburg), Iva Polakovičová(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), Ivan K. H. Poon(La Trobe University), Bonita H. Powell(Johns Hopkins University), Ilaria Prada(Neuroscience Institute), Lynn Pulliam(San Francisco VA Medical Center), Peter J. Quesenberry(Brown University), Annalisa Radeghieri(Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase), Robert L. Raffaı̈(San Francisco VA Medical Center), Stefania Raimondo(University of Palermo), Janusz Rak(McGill University Health Centre), Marcel I. Ramirez(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Graça Raposo(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Morsi Rayyan(University of Michigan), Neta Regev‐Rudzki(Weizmann Institute of Science), Franz Ricklefs(Universität Hamburg), Paul D. Robbins(University of Minnesota), David D. Roberts(National Institutes of Health), Sílvia C. Rodrigues, Eva Rohde(Paracelsus Medical University), Sophie Rome(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Kasper M.A. Rouschop(Maastricht University), Aurelia Rughetti(Sapienza University of Rome), Ashley E. Russell(West Virginia University), Paula Saá(American Red Cross), Susmita Sahoo(Boston University), Edison Salas‐Huenuleo(Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases), Catherine Sánchez(Clínica Las Condes), Julie A. Saugstad(Oregon Health & Science University), Meike J. Saul(Technische Universität Darmstadt), Raymond M. Schiffelers(University Medical Center Utrecht), Raphaël Schneider(University of Toronto), Tine Hiorth Schøyen(Johns Hopkins University), Aaron Scott(University of Bristol), Eriomina Shahaj(Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori), Shivani Sharma(California NanoSystems Institute), Olga Shatnyeva(AstraZeneca (Sweden)), Faezeh Shekari(Royan Institute), Ganesh Vilas Shelke(University of Gothenburg), Ashok K. Shetty(Olin E. Teague Veterans Medical Center), Kiyotaka Shiba(The Cancer Institute Hospital), Pia Siljander(University of Helsinki), Andreia Silva(Universidade do Porto), Agata Skowronek(The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology), Orman L. Snyder(Kansas State University), Rodrigo Pedro Soares(Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Barbara W. Sódar(Semmelweis University), Carolina Soekmadji(The University of Queensland), Javier Sotillo(Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine), Philip D. Stahl(Washington University in St. Louis), Willem Stoorvogel(Utrecht University), Shannon L. Stott(Harvard University), Erwin Strasser(Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Simon Swift(University of Auckland), Hidetoshi Tahara(Hiroshima University), Muneesh Tewari(University of Michigan), Kate Timms(University of Manchester), Swasti Tiwari(Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Rochelle Tixeira(La Trobe University), Mercedes Tkach(Inserm), Wei Seong Toh(National University of Singapore), Richard Tomasini(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Ana Cláudia Torrecilhas(Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas), Juan Pablo Tosar(Universidad de la República de Uruguay), Vasilis Toxavidis(Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center), Lorena Urbanelli(University of Perugia), Pieter Vader(University Medical Center Utrecht), Bas WM van Balkom(University Medical Center Utrecht), Susanne G van der Grein(Utrecht University), Jan Van Deun(Ghent University), Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen(Utrecht University), Kendall Van Keuren‐Jensen(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Guillaume van Niel(Inserm), Martin E. van Royen(Erasmus MC), André J. van Wijnen(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), M. Helena Vasconcelos(Universidade do Porto), Ivan J. Vechetti(University of Kentucky), Tiago Degani Veit(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Laura J. Vella(The University of Melbourne), Émilie Velot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Frederik J. Verweij(Inserm), Beate Vestad(Oslo University Hospital), Jose L. Viñas(University of Ottawa), Tamás Visnovitz(Semmelweis University), Krisztina V Vukman(Semmelweis University), Jessica Wahlgren(University of Gothenburg), Dionysios C. Watson(University Hospitals of Cleveland), Marca H. M. Wauben(Utrecht University), Alissa M. Weaver(Vanderbilt University), Jason Webber(Cardiff University), Viktoria Weber(Universität für Weiterbildung Krems), Ann M. Wehman(University of California, San Francisco), Daniel J. Weiss(University of Vermont Medical Center), Joshua A Welsh(National Institutes of Health), Sebastian Wendt(RWTH Aachen University), Åsa M. Wheelock(Karolinska Institutet), Zoltán Wiener(Semmelweis University), Leonie Witte(Universitätsmedizin Göttingen), Joy Wolfram(Houston Methodist), Angeliki Xagorari(G. Papanikolaou General Hospital), Patrícia Xander(Universidade Federal de São Paulo), Jing Xu(Simon Fraser University), Xiaomei Yan(Xiamen University), María Yáñez‐Mó(Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa), Hang Yin(University of Macau), Yuana Yuana(Eindhoven University of Technology), Valentina Zappulli(University of Padua), Jana Zárubová(University of California, Los Angeles), Vytautas Žėkas(Vilnius University), Jianye Zhang(Guangzhou Medical University), Zezhou Zhao(Johns Hopkins University), Lei Zheng(Nanfang Hospital), Alexander R. Zheutlin(University of Michigan), Antje M. Zickler(Karolinska Institutet), Pascale Zimmermann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Angela M. Zivkovic(University of California, Davis), Davide Zocco, Ewa Zuba‐Surma(Jagiellonian University)
Cited by 11,055Open Access
Abstract
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
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