The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes
Augustine Kong(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Guðmar Þorleifsson(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Michael L. Frigge(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson(Harvard University), Alexander I. Young(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Stefania Benónísdóttir(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Ásmundur Oddsson(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Bjarni V. Halldórsson(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Gísli Másson(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Daníel F. Guðbjartsson(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Agnar Helgason(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Gyða Björnsdóttir(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Unnur Þorsteinsdóttir(deCODE Genetics (Iceland)), Kāri Stefánsson(deCODE Genetics (Iceland))
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Abstract
Genetic variants provide a nurturing environment Genetic variants in parents may affect the fitness of their offspring, even if the child does not carry the allele. This indirect effect is referred to as “genetic nurture.” Kong et al. used data from genome-wide association studies of educational attainment to construct polygenic scores for parents that only considered the nontransmitted alleles (see the Perspective by Koellinger and Harden). The findings suggest that genetic nurture is ultimately due to genetic variation in the population and is mediated by the environment that parents create for their children. Science , this issue p. 424 ; see also p. 386
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