Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism

Lynden K. Shalm(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Evan Meyer-Scott(University of Waterloo), Bradley Christensen(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Peter Bierhorst(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Michael A. Wayne(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Martin J. Stevens(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Thomas Gerrits(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Scott Glancy(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Deny R. Hamel(Université de Moncton), Michael S. Allman(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Kevin J. Coakley(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Shellee D. Dyer(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Carson Hodge(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Adriana E. Lita(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Varun B. Verma(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Camilla Lambrocco(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Edward Tortorici(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Alan L. Migdall(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Yanbao Zhang(University of Waterloo), Daniel Kumor(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), William H. Farr(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Francesco Marsili(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Matthew D. Shaw(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Jeffrey A. Stern(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Carlos Abellán(Institute of Photonic Sciences), Waldimar Amaya(Institute of Photonic Sciences), Valerio Pruneri(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Thomas Jennewein(Canadian Institute for Advanced Research), Morgan W. Mitchell(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Paul G. Kwiat(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Joshua C. Bienfang(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Richard P. Mirin(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Emanuel Knill(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Sae Woo Nam(National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Physical Review Letters
December 16, 2015
10.1103/physrevlett.115.250402
Cited by 1,371Open Access
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Abstract

We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9×10^{-9} for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3×10^{-7}. We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment.

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