Paper microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) of infectious diseases

Abstract

The diagnosis of infectious diseases is entering a new and interesting phase. Technologies based on paper microfluidics, coupled to developments in isothermal amplification of Nucleic Acids (NAs) raise opportunities for bringing the methods of molecular biology in the field, in a low setting environment. A lot of work has been performed in the domain over the last few years and the landscape of contributions is rich and diverse. Most often, the level of sample preparation differs, along with the sample nature, the amplification and detection methods, and the design of the device, among other features. In this review, we attempt to offer a structured description of the state of the art. The domain is not mature and there exist bottlenecks that hamper the realization of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) complying with the constraints of the field in low and middle income countries. In this domain however, the pace of progress is impressively fast. This review is written for a broad Lab on a Chip audience.