Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers
Gad Getz(Broad Institute), Stephen E. Schumacher(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Petar Stojanov(Broad Institute), Sachet Shukla(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Hailei Zhang(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Kristian Cibulskis(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Nam H. Pho(Broad Institute), Matthew Meyerson(Harvard University), Eric S. Lander(Broad Institute), Helga Thorvaldsdottir(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Barbara Tabak(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Nils Gehlenborg(Broad Institute), Andrey Sivachenko (Broad Institute), Marc-Danie Nazaire(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Pei Lin(Broad Institute), Michael Noble(Broad Institute), Lihua Zou(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Jim Robinson(Broad Institute), Doug Voet(Broad Institute), Rameen Beroukhim(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Jill Mesirov(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Douglas Voet(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Marcin Imielinski(Harvard University), Peter S. Hammerman(Broad Institute), Peter S. Hammerman(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Huy Nguyen(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Wendy Winckler(Broad Institute), Aaron McKenna(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Lynda Chin(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Andrew Crenshaw(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Juok Cho(Broad Institute), Elena Helman(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Spring Yingchun Liu(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Scott L. Carter(Broad Institute), Gordon Saksena(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Michael S. Lawrence(Broad Institute), Daniel DiCara(Broad Institute), Rui Jing(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Bryan Hernandez(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Andrew D. Cherniack(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Andrey Sivachenko(Broad Institute), Stephen E. Schumacher(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Rameen Beroukhim(Broad Institute), Barbara Tabak(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Bruce E. Johnson (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Chang-Jiun Wu(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Peter S. Hammerman(Broad Institute), David Kwiatkowski(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Bruce Johnson(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Peter S. Hammerman(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Matthew Meyerson(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Lynda Chin(Broad Institute), Eric S. Lander(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Eric S. Lander (University of Massachusetts Boston), Carrie Sougnez(Harvard University), Gad Getz(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Carrie Sougnez(Harvard University), Stacey Gabriel(Broad Institute), Kristin Ardlie(Broad Institute), Robert C. Onofrio(Broad Institute), Gad Getz (Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Wendy Winckler(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Marcin Imielinski (Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Matthew Meyerson(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Marcin Imielinski(Harvard University), Yongjun Zhao(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Andrew J. Mungall(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Angela Tam(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Karen Mungall(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Andy Chu (Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), An He(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Miruna Balasundaram(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Elizabeth Chun(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Richard Varhol(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Robert A. Holt(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Jacqueline E. Schein(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), A. Gordon Robertson(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Andy Chu(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Carrie Hirst(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Marco A. Marra(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Martin Hirst(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Eric Chuah(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Robin J. N. Coope(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Hye-Jung E. Chun(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Dominik Stoll(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Yaron S. N. Butterfield(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Ka Ming Nip(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Haiyan I. Li(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Erin Pleasance(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Jared R. Slobodan(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Ranabir Guin(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Nina Thiessen(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Gordon Robertson(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Andy Mungall(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Darlene Lee(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Thomas Zeng(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Michael Mayo(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Andy Chu(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Richard Corbett(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Richard A. Moore(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Steven J. M. Jones(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Noreen Dhalla(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Inanc Birol(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Payal Sipahimalani(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Adam Olshen(University of California, San Francisco), Lynda Chin (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Jinhua Zhang(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Xiaojia Ren(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Jianhua Zhang(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Sachet Shukla(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Hailei Zhang(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Jianjua John Zhang(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Alexei Protopopov(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Lynda Chin(Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Lynda Chin (Broad Institute), Jinhua Zhang(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Jianhua Zhang(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Chang-Jiun Wu(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jianjua John Zhang(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Alexei Protopopov(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Lynda Chin(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Raju Kucherlapati(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Peng-Chieh Chen(Harvard University), Angela Hadjipanayis(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Xiaojia Ren(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Raju Kucherlapati (Harvard University), Raju Kucherlapati(Harvard University), Peng-Chieh Chen(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Eunjung Lee(Center for Systems Biology), Angela Hadjipanayis(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Xiaojia Ren(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), Raju Kucherlapati (Brigham and Women's Hospital), Psalm Haseley(Center for Systems Biology), Peter J. Park(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Semin Lee(Center for Systems Biology), Nils Gehlenborg (Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation), Ruibin Xi(Center for Systems Biology), Eunjung Lee(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Lixing Yang(Office of the Director), Psalm Haseley(Center for Systems Biology), Peter J. Park(Brigham and Women's Hospital), Lynda Chin (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Lynda Chin(Harvard University), Peter J. Park (Brigham and Women's Hospital), Peter J. Park(Boston Children's Hospital), Barry S. Taylor(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Giovanni Ciriello(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Benjamin Gross(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Ethan Cerami(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Nikolaus Schultz(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Jianjiong Gao(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Alex E. Lash(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), B. Arman Aksoy(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Ricardo Ramirez(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Yevgeniy Antipin(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Yupu Liang(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Nils Weinhold(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Rileen Sinha(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Nicholas D. Socci(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Laetitia Borsu(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Ronglai Shen (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Agnes Viale(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Anders Jacobsen(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Chris Sander(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Boris Reva(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Marc Ladanyi(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Marc Ladanyi(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Marc Ladanyi (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Marc Ladanyi(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Marc Ladanyi(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Marc Ladanyi (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), J. Todd Auman (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), J. Todd Auman(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), J. Todd Auman (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), J. Todd Auman(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Derek Chiang(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Katherine A. Hoadley(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Katherine A. Hoadley(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Charles M. Perou(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Piotr A. Mieczkowski(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Charles M. Perou (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Derek Y. Chiang(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Katherine A. Hoadley(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Katherine A. Hoadley(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Charles M. Perou(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Stuart R. Jefferys(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Michael D. Topal(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Stuart R. Jefferys (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Lisle E. Mose(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Christopher Cabanski(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Alan P. Hoyle(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Jan F. Prins(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Saianand Balu(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Jesse Walsh(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Yan Shi(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Elizabeth Buda(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Christina Liquori(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Derek Chiang(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Scot Waring(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Tom Bodenheimer(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Anisha Gulabani(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Katherine A. Hoadley(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Michael D. Topal(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), D. Neil Hayes (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Darshan Singh(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), D. Neil Hayes(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Vonn Walter(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Matthew G. Soloway(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Yidi J. Turman(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Peter Dolina(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Brian D. O’Connor(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Matthew D. Wilkerson(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Ling Li(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Ashley Hill(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Janae V. Simons(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Shaowu Meng(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Katherine A. Hoadley(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Charles M. Perou(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Junyuan Wu(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Ying Du(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Derek Y. Chiang(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), W. Kimryn Rathmell(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Donghui Tan (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Yufeng Liu(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Corbin D. Jones(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Jan F. Prins(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Jinze Liu(University of Kentucky), Jinze Liu(University of Kentucky), Kai Wang (University of Kentucky), D. Neil Hayes(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), D. Neil Hayes(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), D. Neil Hayes (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Leslie Cope(Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center), Leslie Cope(Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center), James G. Herman(Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center), Ludmila Danilova(Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center), Stephen B. Baylin(Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center), James G. Herman (Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center), Peter W. Laird(University of Southern California), Fei Pan(University of Southern California), Daniel Weisenberger (University of Southern California), David J. Van Den Berg(University of Southern California), Timothy Triche Jr(University of Southern California), Dennis T. Maglinte(University of Southern California), Daniel J. Weisenberger(University of Southern California), Christopher Wilks(University of California, Santa Cruz), Ronglai Shen(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Ronglai Shen(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Qianxing Mo(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Venkatraman Seshan (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Paul K. Paik(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Tod Casasent(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Bradley M. Broom(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Chris Wakefield(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Anna Unruh(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Rehan Akbani(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Nianxiang Zhang(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Keith A. Baggerly(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Rehan Akbani(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), John N. Weinstein (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), John N. Weinstein(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), R. Craig Cason(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), John N. Weinstein(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), John N. Weinstein (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), John N. Weinstein(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Christopher Szeto(University of California, Santa Cruz), Joshua Stuart (University of California, Santa Cruz), Daniel Zerbino(University of California, Santa Cruz), Jingchun Zhu(University of California, Santa Cruz), Joshua M. Stuart(University of California, Santa Cruz), Sam Ng(University of California, Santa Cruz), David Haussler(University of California, Santa Cruz), Brian Craft(University of California, Santa Cruz), Charles Vaske(University of California, Santa Cruz), Ted Goldstein(University of California, Santa Cruz), Kyle Ellrott(University of California, Santa Cruz), Peter Waltman(University of California, Santa Cruz), Artem Sokolov(University of California, Santa Cruz), Singer Ma(University of California, Santa Cruz), Christopher Wilks(University of California, Santa Cruz), David Haussler(University of California, Santa Cruz), Christina Yau(Buck Institute for Research on Aging), Gary K. Scott (Buck Institute for Research on Aging), Christopher C. Benz(Buck Institute for Research on Aging), Eric A. Collisson(University of California, San Francisco), Eric Collisson (University of California, San Francisco), Eric A. Collisson(University of California, San Francisco), J. S. Marron(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Chad J. Creighton(Children's Cancer Center), Yiqun Zhang(Children's Cancer Center), Chad J. Creighton(Children's Cancer Center), Chad J. Creighton (Children's Cancer Center), William D. Travis(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), William D. Travis(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), William D. Travis (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Natasha Rekhtman(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Joanne Yi(Mayo Clinic in Arizona), Cristiane Ida(Mayo Clinic), Marie C. Aubry (Mayo Clinic in Florida), Carl Morrison (Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center), Carmelo Gaudioso(Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center), Richard Cheney(Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center), Sanja Dacic(UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Douglas Flieder(Fox Chase Cancer Center), Jeff Boyd (Fox Chase Cancer Center), JoEllen Weaver(Fox Chase Cancer Center), William Funkhouser(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Peter Illei(Johns Hopkins Medicine), John Eckman (Penrose-St. Francis Health Services), Jerome Myers(Penrose-St. Francis Health Services), Jerome Myers(Penrose-St. Francis Health Services), Ming-Sound Tsao(Ontario Institute for Cancer Research), Bizhan Bandarchi-Chamkhaleh (Ontario Institute for Cancer Research), Ming-Sound Tsao(Ontario Institute for Cancer Research), Peggy Yena(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Mark Sherman(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Robert Penny(Translational Genomics Research Institute), David Mallery(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Martha Hatfield(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Candace Shelton(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Erin Curley(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Candace Shelton (Translational Genomics Research Institute), Troy Shelton(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Robert Penny(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Joseph Paulauskis(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Scott Morris(Translational Genomics Research Institute), Ramaswamy Govindan(Washington University in St. Louis), Christopher A. Maher (Washington University in St. Louis), Li-Wei Chang(Washington University in St. Louis), Christopher A. Maher(Washington University in St. Louis), Ron Bose(Washington University in St. Louis), Li Ding(Washington University in St. Louis), Ramaswamy Govindan(Washington University in St. Louis), Ijeoma A. Azodo(Mayo Clinic), Farhad Kosari(Mayo Clinic in Florida), Ijeoma Azodo(Mayo Clinic in Florida), Ping Yang(Mayo Clinic), Sandra C. Tomaszek(Mayo Clinic), Sandra Tomaszek(Mayo Clinic in Florida), Dennis A. Wigle(Mayo Clinic), Farhad Kosari (Mayo Clinic in Florida), David Beer(University of Michigan–Ann Arbor), Lauren A. Byers (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), John Heymach(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), William Pao(Vanderbilt University), David Carbone(Vanderbilt University), Jacob Kaufman (Vanderbilt University), Igor Jurisica(Ontario Institute for Cancer Research), Martin Peifer(Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research), Roman K. Thomas(Integrated Oncology (United States)), Roman K. Thomas (University of Cologne), Martin Peifer(University of Cologne), Roman K. Thomas(Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research), Roman K. Thomas (Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research), Valerie Rusch (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Valerie Rusch(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Jill Siegfried (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Jill M. Siegfried(University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Roman K. Thomas(Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research), Roman K. Thomas (Integrated Oncology (United States)), Deepak Srinivasan(SRA International (United States)), Stanley Girshik(SRA International (United States)), Rohini Raman(SRA International (United States)), David A. Pot(SRA International (United States)), Dominique L. Berton(SRA International (United States)), Peter A. Kigonya(SRA International (United States)), Mark Backus(SRA International (United States)), John M. Greene (SRA International (United States)), Matthew C. Nicholls(SRA International (United States)), Todd D. Pihl(SRA International (United States)), Jessica Walton(SRA International (United States)), Ari B. Kahn(SRA International (United States)), Mark A. Jensen(SRA International (United States)), Robert Sfeir(SRA International (United States)), Eric E. Snyder(SRA International (United States)), Brenda Ayala(SRA International (United States)), Julien Baboud(SRA International (United States)), Shelley Alonso(SRA International (United States)), Prachi Kothiyal(SRA International (United States)), Anna L. Chu(Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre), Sean P. Barletta(SRA International (United States)), Rashmi N. Sanbhadti(SRA International (United States)), Joan Pontius(SRA International (United States)), Zhining Wang(SRA International (United States)), Marie Christine Aubry (Mayo Clinic), Christiane M. Ida(Mayo Clinic in Florida), Ping Yang(Mayo Clinic), Travis Brown(Johns Hopkins Medicine), Kristen Rodgers (Johns Hopkins Medicine), Malcolm V. Brock(Johns Hopkins University), Marian Rutledge (Johns Hopkins Medicine), Beverly Lee(Johns Hopkins Medicine), Dante Trusty(Johns Hopkins Hospital), James Shin (Johns Hopkins University), Rajiv Dhir(University of Pittsburgh), Elena Nemirovich-Danchenko(Sunesis (United States)), Olga Potapova (Sunesis (United States)), Konstantin V. Fedosenko(City Clinical Oncology Center), Maureen Zakowski(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), Jennifer Brown(University of Delaware), Mary V. Iacocca(University of Delaware), Brenda Rabeno(University of Delaware), Christine Czerwinski (University of Delaware), Nicholas Petrelli(University of Delaware), Nicole Todaro(St. Joseph Medical Center), Zhen Fan (St. Joseph Medical Center), Lori Boice(University of North Carolina Health Care), Mei Huang (University of North Carolina Health Care), Leigh B. Thorne(University of North Carolina Health Care), Sugy Kodeeswaran (Ontario Institute for Cancer Research), Brent Zanke(Ontario Institute for Cancer Research), John M. S. Bartlett(Ontario Institute for Cancer Research), Harman Sekhon(Ottawa Hospital), Kerstin David(Dermatologikum Hamburg), Hartmut Juhl(Kensington Health), Xuan Van Le(Washington College), Bernard Kohl (Washington College), Richard Thorp(Washington College), Nguyen Viet Tien(Ministry of Health), Bui Duc Phu(Hue Central Hospital), Nguyen Van Bang (Hue Central Hospital), Howard Sussman(Stanford University), Richard Hajek(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Nguyen Phi Hung(National Cancer Institute), Khurram Z. Khan(Washington College), Thomas Muley(University Hospital Heidelberg), Liming Yang(Office of the Director), Laura A. L. Dillon(Office of the Director), Margi Sheth(Office of the Director), John A. Demchok (Office of the Director), Kenna R. Mills Shaw(National Cancer Institute), Carl Schaefer(National Cancer Institute), Tanja Davidsen(National Cancer Institute), Greg Eley (National Cancer Institute), Ken Buetow(National Cancer Institute), Martin Ferguson(FIT Consulting (Italy)), Jane Peterson(National Human Genome Research Institute), Heidi J. Sofia (National Institutes of Health), Bradley A. Ozenberger(National Institutes of Health), Elizabeth Thomson(National Human Genome Research Institute), Jacqueline D. Palchik(National Institutes of Health), Mark S. Guyer(National Institutes of Health)
Cited by 4,007Open Access
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma is a common type of lung cancer, causing approximately 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Genomic alterations in squamous cell lung cancers have not been comprehensively characterized, and no molecularly targeted agents have been specifically developed for its treatment. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas, here we profile 178 lung squamous cell carcinomas to provide a comprehensive landscape of genomic and epigenomic alterations. We show that the tumour type is characterized by complex genomic alterations, with a mean of 360 exonic mutations, 165 genomic rearrangements, and 323 segments of copy number alteration per tumour. We find statistically recurrent mutations in 11 genes, including mutation of TP53 in nearly all specimens. Previously unreported loss-of-function mutations are seen in the HLA-A class I major histocompatibility gene. Significantly altered pathways included NFE2L2 and KEAP1 in 34%, squamous differentiation genes in 44%, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase pathway genes in 47%, and CDKN2A and RB1 in 72% of tumours. We identified a potential therapeutic target in most tumours, offering new avenues of investigation for the treatment of squamous cell lung cancers. Comprehensive analyses of 178 lung squamous cell carcinomas by The Cancer Genome Atlas project show that the tumour type is characterized by complex genomic alterations, with statistically recurrent mutations in 11 genes, including TP53 in nearly all samples; a potential therapeutic target is identified in most of the samples studied. The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium has analysed 178 lung squamous cell carcinomas, a common type of lung cancer for which comprehensive genomic analyses have not previously been available. The researchers report that this tumour type is characterized by complex genomic alterations, with recurrent mutations in 18 genes, including TP53 in nearly all samples. They also report frequent mutations in squamous differentiation genes. Collectively, these analyses identify potential therapeutic targets worthy of further investigation.
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