A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci
Josephine Purps(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin), Sabine Siegert(University of Cologne), Sascha Willuweit(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin), Marion Nagy(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin), Cı́ntia Alves(Universidade do Porto), Renato Salazar(Universidade do Porto), Sheila M.T. Angustia, Lorna H. Santos, Katja Anslinger(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), Birgit Bayer(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), Qasim Ayub(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Wei Wei(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Yali Xue(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Chris Tyler‐Smith(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Miriam Baeta(Universidad de Zaragoza), Begoña Martínez‐Jarreta(Universidad de Zaragoza), Balázs Egyed(Eötvös Loránd University), Beate Balitzki(University of Basel), Sibylle Tschumi(University of Basel), David Ballard(King's College London), Denise Syndercombe Court(King's College London), Xinia Barrantes, Gerhard P. Bassler(Bayerisches Landeskriminalamt), Tina Wiest(Bayerisches Landeskriminalamt), Burkhard Berger(Innsbruck Medical University), Harald Niederstätter(Innsbruck Medical University), Walther Parson(Pennsylvania State University), Carey Davis, Bruce Budowle(King Abdulaziz University), Helen Burri(Kantonsspital Aarau), U. V. Borer(Kantonsspital Aarau), Christoph Koller(Kantonsspital Aarau), Elizeu Fagundes de Carvalho(Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), Patricia M. Domingues(Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), Wafaa Takash Chamoun, Michael D. Coble(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Carolyn R. Hill(National Institute of Standards and Technology), Daniel Corach(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Mariela Caputo(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), María Eugenia D’Amato(University of the Western Cape), Sean Davison(University of the Western Cape), Ronny Decorte(KU Leuven), Maarten Larmuseau(KU Leuven), Claudio Ottoni(KU Leuven), Olga Rickards(University of Rome Tor Vergata), Di Lu(China University of Political Science and Law), Chengtao Jiang(China University of Political Science and Law), Tadeusz Dobosz(Wroclaw Medical University), Anna Jonkisz(Wroclaw Medical University), William E. Frank(Michigan State Police), Ivana Furač(University of Zagreb), Christian Gehrig(University Centre of Legal Medicine), Vincent Castella(University Centre of Legal Medicine), Branka Gršković(Ministry of the Interior), Cordula Haas(University of Zurich), Jana Wobst(University of Zurich), Gavrilo Hadzic, Katja Drobnič, Katsuya Honda(University of Tsukuba), Yiping Hou(Sichuan University), Di Zhou(Sichuan University), Yan Li(Sichuan University), Shengping Hu(Shantou University), Shenglan Chen(Shantou University), Uta‐Dorothee Immel, Rüdiger Lessig, Zlatko Jakovski(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje), Tanja Ilievska(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje), Anja E. Klann(Universitätsmedizin Greifswald), Cristina García(Universitätsmedizin Greifswald), Peter de Knijff(Leiden University Medical Center), Thirsa Kraaijenbrink(Leiden University Medical Center), A. Kondili(Hellenic Police Academy), P. Miniati(Hellenic Police Academy), Maria Vouropoulou(Hellenic Police Academy), Lejla Kovačević, Damir Marjanović, Iris Lindner(University of Rostock), Issam Mansour(American University of Science and Technology), Mouayyad Al-Azem(American University of Science and Technology), Ansar El Andari(American University of Science and Technology), Miguel Marino(Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), Sandra Furfuro(Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), Laura Locarno(Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), Pablo Martı́n(Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses), Gracia Luque(Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses), Antonio Alonso(Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses), Luís Souto Miranda(University of Aveiro), Helena Moreira(University of Aveiro), Natsuko Mizuno(National Research Institute of Police Science), Yasuki Iwashima(National Research Institute of Police Science), Rodrigo S. Moura Neto(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), T.L.S. Nogueira(Instituto de Biologia do Exército), Rosane Silva(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Marina Nastainczyk-Wulf(Leipzig University), Jeanett Edelmann(Leipzig University), Michael M. Kohl(Leipzig University), Shengjie Nie(Kunming Medical University), Xianping Wang(Shanghai Public Security Bureau), Baowen Cheng, Carolina Núńez(University of the Basque Country), Marian M. de Pancorbo(University of the Basque Country), Jill K. Olofsson(University of Copenhagen), Niels Morling(University of Copenhagen), Valerio Onofri(Marche Polytechnic University), Adriano Tagliabracci(Marche Polytechnic University), Horolma Pamjav, Antónia Völgyi, Gusztáv Bárány, Ryszard Pawłowski(Gdańsk Medical University), Agnieszka Maciejewska(Gdańsk Medical University), Susi Pelotti(University of Bologna), Witold Pepiński(Medical University of Białystok), Monica Abreu-Głowacka(Poznan University of Medical Sciences), Christopher Phillips(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Jorge Cárdenas(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Danel Rey‐González(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Antonio Salas(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Francesca Brisighelli(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Cristian Capelli(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Ulises Toscanini(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), A. Piccinini(University of Milan), Marilidia Piglionica(University of Bari Aldo Moro), Stefania Lonero Baldassarra(University of Bari Aldo Moro), Rafał Płoski(Medical University of Warsaw), Magdalena Konarzewska(Medical University of Warsaw), Emila Jastrzebska(Medical University of Warsaw), Carlo Robino(University of Turin), Antti Sajantila(University of Helsinki), Jukka U. Palo(University of Helsinki), Evelyn K. Guevara(University of Helsinki), Jazelyn M. Salvador(University of the Philippines Diliman), Maria Corazon A. De Ungria(University of the Philippines Diliman), Jae Joseph Russell B. Rodriguez(University of the Philippines Los Baños), Ulrike Schmidt(University Medical Center Freiburg), Nicola Schlauderer(University Medical Center Freiburg), Pekka Saukko(University of Turku), Peter M. Schneider(University of Cologne), Miriam Sirker(University of Cologne), Kyoung‐Jin Shin(Yonsei University), Yu Na Oh(Yonsei University), Iulia Skitsa, Alexandra Ampati, Tobi-Gail Smith(University of the West Indies), Lina Solis de Calvit, Vlastimil Stenzl(Police of the Czech Republic), Thomas Capal(Police of the Czech Republic), Andreas Tillmar(Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine), Helena Nilsson(Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine), Stefania Turrina(University of Verona), Domenico De Leo(University of Verona), Andrea Verzeletti(University of Brescia), Venusia Cortellini(University of Brescia), Jon H. Wetton(University of Leicester), Gareth M. Gwynne(University of Leicester), Mark A. Jobling(University of Leicester), M.R. Whittle(Genomic (Brazil)), Denilce R. Sumita(Genomic (Brazil)), Paulina Wolañska‐Nowak(Krakow Cardiovascular Research Institute), Rita Y.Y. Yong(DSO National Laboratories), Michael Krawczak(Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel), Michael Nothnagel(University of Cologne), Lutz Roewer(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin)
Cited by 283Open Access
Abstract
In a worldwide collaborative effort, 19,630 Y-chromosomes were sampled from 129 different populations in 51 countries. These chromosomes were typed for 23 short-tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643) and using the PowerPlex Y23 System (PPY23, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). Locus-specific allelic spectra of these markers were determined and a consistently high level of allelic diversity was observed. A considerable number of null, duplicate and off-ladder alleles were revealed. Standard single-locus and haplotype-based parameters were calculated and compared between subsets of Y-STR markers established for forensic casework. The PPY23 marker set provides substantially stronger discriminatory power than other available kits but at the same time reveals the same general patterns of population structure as other marker sets. A strong correlation was observed between the number of Y-STRs included in a marker set and some of the forensic parameters under study. Interestingly a weak but consistent trend toward smaller genetic distances resulting from larger numbers of markers became apparent.
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