The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
Christine G. Elsik, Ross L. Tellam, Kim C. Worley(Baylor College of Medicine), Richard A. Gibbs, Donna M. Muzny, George M. Weinstock, David L. Adelson, Evan E. Eichler, Laura Elnitski, Roderic Guigó, Debora L. Hamernik, S M Kappes, Harris A. Lewin, David J. Lynn, F. W. Nicholas, Alexandre Reymond, Monique Rijnkels, Loren C. Skow, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Lawrence B. Schook, James E. Womack, Tyler Alioto, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, Alex Astashyn, Charles E. Chapple, Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Jacqueline Chrast, Francisco Câmara, Olga Ermolaeva, Charlotte N. Henrichsen, Wratko Hlavina, Yuri Kapustin, Boris Kiryutin, Paul Kitts, Felix Kokocinski, Melissa Landrum, Donna Maglott, Kim D. Pruitt(Baylor College of Medicine), Victor Sapojnikov, Stephen M. J. Searle, Victor Solovyev, Alexandre Souvorov, Catherine Ucla, Carine Wyss, Juan Manuel Anzola, Daniel Gerlach, Eran Elhaik, Dan Graur, Justin Reese, R. C. Edgar, John C. McEwan, Gemma M. Payne, Joy M Raison, Thomas Junier, Evgenia V. Kriventseva, Eduardo Eyras, Mireya Plass, Ravikiran Donthu, Denis M. Larkin, James M. Reecy, Mary Qu Yang, Lin Chen, Ze Cheng, Carol G. Chitko-McKown, George E. Liu, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, Jiuzhou Song, Bin Zhu, Daniel G. Bradley, Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Lilian Pek Lian Lau, Matthew D. Whiteside, Angela M. Walker, Thomas T. Wheeler, Theresa Casey, J. Bruce German, Danielle G. Lemay, Nauman J. Maqbool, Adrian Molenaar, Seongwon Seo, Paul Stothard, Cynthia L. Baldwin, R. Baxter, Candice Brinkmeyer‐Langford, Wendy C. Brown, Christopher Childers, Timothy Connelley, Shirley A. Ellis, K. L. Fritz, Elizabeth Glass, Carolyn T.A. Herzig, Antti Iivanainen, Kevin K. Lahmers, Anna K. Bennett, C. Michael Dickens, James Gilbert, Darren E. Hagen, Hanni Salih, Jan Aerts, Alexandre Rodrigues Caetano, Brian P. Dalrymple, José Fernando Garcia, C. A. Gill, Stefan Hiendleder, Erdoğan Memili, D.M. Spurlock, J. L. Williams, Lee Alexander, Michael Brownstein, Le Luo Guan, Robert A. Holt, Steven J.M. Jones, Marco A. Marra, Richard A. Moore, S. S. Moore, Andy Roberts, Masaaki Taniguchi, Richard C. Waterman, Joseph Chacko, Mimi M. Chandrabose, Andy Cree, Marvin Dao, Huyen Dinh, Ramatu Ayiesha Gabisi, Sandra Hines, Jennifer Hume, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Vandita Joshi, Christie Kovar, Lora Lewis, Yih-shin Liu, John Lopez, Margaret Morgan, Ngoc B. Nguyen, Geoffrey Okwuonu, San Juana Ruiz, Jireh Santibanez, Rita Wright, Christian Buhay, Yan Ding, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Judith Herdandez, Michael Holder, Aniko Sabo, Amy Egan, Jason Goodell, Katarzyna Wilczek-Boney, Gerald Fowler, Matthew Hitchens, Ryan J. Lozado, C.J.A. Moen, David L. Steffen, James T. Warren, Jingkun Zhang, Readman Chiu, Jacqueline E. Schein, K. James Durbin, Paul Havlak, Huaiyang Jiang, Yue Liu, Xiang Qin, Yanru Ren, Yufeng Shen, Henry Song, Stephanie Bell, Clay Davis, Angela Jolivet Johnson, Sandra Lee, Lynne V. Nazareth, Bella Mayurkumar Patel, Lingling Pu, Selina Vattathil, Rex Lee Williams, Stacey Curry, Cerissa Hamilton, Erica Sodergren, David A. Wheeler, Wes Barris, Gary L. Bennett, Andre A. Eggen, Ronnie D. Green, Gregory P. Harhay, Matthew Hobbs, O. Jann, J. W. Keele, Matthew Kent, Sigbjørn Lien, Stephanie McKay, Sean McWilliam, Abhirami Ratnakumar, Robert D. Schnabel, Timothy D. Smith, W. M. Snelling, Tad S. Sonstegard, R. T. Stone, Yoshikazu Sugimoto, Akiko Takasuga, Jeremy F. Taylor, Curtis P. Van Tassell, M. D. MacNeil, Antônio Roberto Rodrigues Abatepaulo, Colette A. Abbey, Virpi Ahola, Iassudara G. Almeida, Ariel Amadío, Elen Anatriello, Suria M. Bahadue, Fernando H. Biase, Clayton Ryan Boldt, J. A. Carroll, Wanessa Araújo Carvalho, Eliane Patrícia Cervelatti, Elsa Chacko, Jennifer E. Chapin, Ye Cheng, Jung-Woo Choi, Adam J. Colley, Tatiana Amabile de Campos, Marcos De Donato, Isabel Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos, Carlo José Freire Oliveira, H. M. Deobald, Ève Devinoy, Kaitlin E. Donohue, Peter Dovč, Annett Eberlein, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Alessandra Mara Franzin, Gustavo Rocha Garcia, Sem Genini, Cody J. Gladney, Jason R. Grant, Marion L. Greaser, Jonathan A. Green, Darryl L. Hadsell, Hatam A. Hakimov, Rob Halgren, Jennifer Harrow, Elizabeth A. Hart, Nicola Hastings, Marta Hernández, Zhi‐Liang Hu, Aaron Ingham, Terhi Iso‐Touru, Catherine Jamis, Kirsty Jensen, Dimos Kapetis, Tovah Kerr, Sari S. Khalil, Hasan Khatib, D. Kolbehdari, Charu G. Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, Richard J. Leach, Justin Lee, Changxi Li, Krystin M. Logan, Roberto Malinverni, Elisa Marques, William Martin, N. F. Martins, Sandra Regina Maruyama, Raffaele Mazza, Kim L. McLean, Juan F. Medrano, Barbara T. Moreno, Daniela D. Moré, Carl T. Muntean, Hari Nandakumar, Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira, Ingrid Olsaker, Sameer D. Pant, F. Panzitta, Rosemeire C.P. Pastor, Mario Andrés Poli, Nathan Poslusny, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Shoba Ranganathan, Andrej Razpet, Penny K. Riggs, Gonzalo Rincón, Nélida Rodríguez‐Osorio, Sandra L. Rodriguez‐Zas, Natasha E. Romero, Anne Rosenwald, Lillian Sando, S. M. Schmutz, Libing Shen, Laura Sherman, Bruce R. Southey, Ylva Strandberg Lutzow, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Imke Tammen, Bhanu P. Telugu, Jennifer M. Urbanski, Yuri Tani Utsunomiya, Chris P. Verschoor, Ashley J. Waardenberg, Zhiquan Wang, Robert Ward, Rosemarie Weikard, Thomas H. Welsh, Stephen N. White, Laurens Wilming, Kris R. Wunderlich, Jianqi Yang, Feng‐Qi Zhao
Cited by 1,345Open Access
Abstract
To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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