Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.

Abstract

In this article we propose mechanisms that govern the processing of emotional information, particularly those involved in fear eduction. Emotions are viewed as represented by information structures in memory, and anxiety is thought to occur when an information structure that serves as program to escape or avoid danger is activated. Emotional processing is defined as the modification of memory structures that underlie emotions. It is argued that some form of exposure to feared situations is common to many ps chotherapies for anxiety, and that confrontation with feared objects or situations is an effective treatment. Physiological activation and habituation within and across exposure ession are cited as indicators ofemotional processing, and variables that influence activation and habituation of fear responses are examined. These variables and theindicators are analyzed to yield an account of what information must be integrated for emotional processing of a fear structure. The elements of such a structure are vi wed as cognitive representations of the stimulus characteristic of the fear situation, the individual's responses in it, and aspects of its meaning for the individual. Treatment failures are interpreted with respect to the interference of cognitive defenses, autonomic arousal, mood state, and erroneous ideation with reformation of targeted fear structures. Applications of the concepts advanced here to therapeutic practice and to th broader study of psychopathology arediscussed.