Correlation of the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays with Nearby Extragalactic Objects

J. Abraham(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Abreu(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Aglietta(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Aguirre(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Allard(Pierre Auger Observatory), I. Allekotte(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Allen(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Allison(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Alvarez(Pierre Auger Observatory), Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Ambrosio(Pierre Auger Observatory), Luis A. Anchordoqui(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Andringa(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Anzalone(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Aramo(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Argirò(Pierre Auger Observatory), K. Arisaka(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Armengaud(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Arneodo(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Arqueros(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Asch(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Asorey(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Assis(Pierre Auger Observatory), B.S. Atulugama(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Aublin(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Ave(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Ávila(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Bäcker(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Badagnani(Pierre Auger Observatory), A.F. Barbosa(Pierre Auger Observatory), David Barnhill(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. L. C. Barroso(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Bauleo(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. J. Beatty(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Beau(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. R. Becker(Pierre Auger Observatory), K. Becker(Pierre Auger Observatory), Jose A. Bellido(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. BenZvi(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Bérat(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Bergmann(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Bernardini(Pierre Auger Observatory), X. Bertou(Pierre Auger Observatory), Peter L. Biermann(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Billoir(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Blanch-Bigas(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Blanco(Pierre Auger Observatory), Pasquale Blasi(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Bleve(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Blümer(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Boháčová(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Bonifazi(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Bonino(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Boratav(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Brack(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Brogueira(Pierre Auger Observatory), W. C. Brown(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Buchholz(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Bueno(Pierre Auger Observatory), Nicolás G. Busca(Pierre Auger Observatory), K. S. Caballero‐Mora(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Cai(Pierre Auger Observatory), D.V. Camin(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Caruso(Pierre Auger Observatory), W. Rodrigues de Carvalho(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Castellina(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Catalano(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Cataldi(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Cazón-Boado(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Cester(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Chauvin(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Chiavassa(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. A. Chinellato(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Chou(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Chye(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Clark(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. W. Clay(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Colombo(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Conceição(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Connolly(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Contreras(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Coppens(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Cordier(Pierre Auger Observatory), U. Cotti(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Coutu(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. E. Covault(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Creusot(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Cronin(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Dagoret-Campagne(Pierre Auger Observatory), K. Daumiller(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. R. Dawson(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. M. de Almeida(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. De Donato(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. J. de Jong(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. De La Vega(Pierre Auger Observatory), W. J. M. de Mello(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. R. T. de Mello Neto(Pierre Auger Observatory), I. De Mitri(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. de Souza(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. del Peral(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Deligny(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Della Selva(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Delle Fratte(Pierre Auger Observatory), H.-P. Dembinski(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Di Giulio(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Dı́az(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Dobrigkeit(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. C. D’Olivo(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Dornic(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Dorofeev(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. C. dos Anjos(Pierre Auger Observatory), M.T. Dova(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. D’Urso(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. A. DuVernois(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Engel(Pierre Auger Observatory), L.N. Epele(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Erdmann(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. O. Escobar(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Etchegoyen(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Facal San Luis(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Falcke(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Farrar(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. C. Fauth(Pierre Auger Observatory), N. Fazzini(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Fernández(Pierre Auger Observatory), Francesc Ferrer(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Ferry(Pierre Auger Observatory), Brian Fick(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Filevich(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Filipčić(Pierre Auger Observatory), I. Fleck(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Fonte(Pierre Auger Observatory), C.E. Fracchiolla(Pierre Auger Observatory), W. Fulgione(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Garćıa(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. García-Gámez(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. García-Pinto(Pierre Auger Observatory), X. Garrido(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Geenen(Pierre Auger Observatory), Graciela B. Gelmini(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Gemmeke(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. L. Ghia(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Giller(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Glass(Pierre Auger Observatory), M.S. Gold(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Golup(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Gomez Albarracin(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Gómez Berisso(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Gómez‐Herrero(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Gonçalves(Pierre Auger Observatory), Marcelo Amaral(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. González(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. G. González(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. González(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Góra(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Gorgi(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Gouffon(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. Grassi(Pierre Auger Observatory), Alfredo Grillo(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Grunfeld(Pierre Auger Observatory), Y. Guardincerri(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Guarino(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. P. Guedes(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Gutiérrez–Soto(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. D. Hague(Pierre Auger Observatory), J.–Ch. Hamilton(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Hansen(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Harari(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Harmsma(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. L. Harton(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Haungs(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Hauschildt(Pierre Auger Observatory), Matthew D. Healy(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Hebbeker(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Heck(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Hojvat(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. C. Holmes(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Homola(Pierre Auger Observatory), J.R. Hörandel(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Horneffer(Pierre Auger Observatory), Matej Horvat(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Hrabovský(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Huege(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Iarlori(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Insolia(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Ionita(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Italiano(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Kaducak(Pierre Auger Observatory), K.‐H. Kampert(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Keilhauer(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Kemp(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. M. Kieckhafer(Pierre Auger Observatory), H.O. Klages(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Kleifges(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Kleinfeller(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Knapik(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Knapp(Pierre Auger Observatory), D.-H. Koang(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Kopmann(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. S. Krieger(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Krömer(Pierre Auger Observatory), Daniel Kümpel(Pierre Auger Observatory), N. Kunka(Pierre Auger Observatory), Alexander Kusenko(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. La Rosa(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Lachaud(Pierre Auger Observatory), Bruno L. Lago(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Lebrun(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Lebrun(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Lee(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. A. Leigui de Oliveira(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Letessier‐Selvon(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Leuthold(Pierre Auger Observatory), Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. López(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. López Agüera, J. J. Lozano Bahilo(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. C. Maccarone(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Macolino(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Maldera(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Malek(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Mancarella(Pierre Auger Observatory), M.E. Manceñido(Pierre Auger Observatory), Dušan Mandát(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Mantsch(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. G. Mariazzi(Pierre Auger Observatory), Ioana Codrina Mariş(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Martello(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Martı́nez(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Martínez Bravo(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. J. Mathes(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Matthews(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. A. J. Matthews(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Matthiae(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Maurizio(Pierre Auger Observatory), P.O. Mazur(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. McCauley(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. McEwen(Pierre Auger Observatory), R.R. McNeil(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. C. Medina(Pierre Auger Observatory), Gustavo Medina‐Tanco(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Meli(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Melo(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Menichetti(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Menschikov(Pierre Auger Observatory), Chr. Meurer(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Meyhandan(Pierre Auger Observatory), María Isabel Micheletti(Pierre Auger Observatory), Gennaro Miele(Pierre Auger Observatory), William H. Miller(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Mollerach(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Monasor(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Monnier Ragaigne(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Montanet(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Morales(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Morello(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Moreno(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. C. Moreno(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Morris(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Mostafá(Pierre Auger Observatory), Markus Müller(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Mussa(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Navarra(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. L. Navarro(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Navas(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Nellen(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Newman-Holmes(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Newton(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Nguyen Thi(Pierre Auger Observatory), Nils Nierstenhöfer(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Nitz(Pierre Auger Observatory), Dalibor Nosek(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Nožka(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Oehlschläger(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Ohnuki(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Olinto(Pierre Auger Observatory), V.M. Olmos-Gilbaja(Pierre Auger Observatory), María J. Ortiz(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Ostapchenko(Pierre Auger Observatory), Lidia Otero(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Pakk Selmi-Dei(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Palatka(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Pallotta(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Parente(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Parizot(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Parlati(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Pastor(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Patel(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Paul(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. Pavlidou(Pierre Auger Observatory), K. Payet(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Pech(Pierre Auger Observatory), Jan Pękala(Pierre Auger Observatory), Rodrigo Pelayo(Pierre Auger Observatory), I.M. Pepe(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Perrone(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Petrera(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Petrinca(Pierre Auger Observatory), Y. Petrov(Pierre Auger Observatory), DiepPham Ngoc(Pierre Auger Observatory), DongPham Ngoc(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. N. Pham Thi(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Pichel(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Piegaia(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Pierog(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Pimenta(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Pinto(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. Pirronello(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Pisanti(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Platino(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Pochon(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. A. Porter(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Privitera(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Prouza(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. J. Quel(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Rautenberg(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Reucroft(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Revenu(Pierre Auger Observatory), F.A.S. Rezende(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Řídký(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Riggi(Pierre Auger Observatory), Markus Risse(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Rivière(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. Rizi(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. S. Roberts(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Robledo(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Rodriguez(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. D. Rodríguez-Friás(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Rodríguez Martino(Pierre Auger Observatory), Juan Rojo(Pierre Auger Observatory), I. Rodriguez-Cabo(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Ros(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Rosado(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Roth(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Rouillé-d’Orfeuil(Pierre Auger Observatory), Esteban Roulet(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. C. Rovero(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Salamida(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Salazar(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Salina(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Sánchez(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Santander(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Esṕırito Santo(Pierre Auger Observatory), Edivaldo Moura Santos(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Sarazin(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Sarkar(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Sato(Pierre Auger Observatory), Viviana Scherini(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Schieler(Pierre Auger Observatory), Fabian Schmidt(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Schmidt(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Schölten(Pierre Auger Observatory), Petr Schovánek(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Schüßler(Pierre Auger Observatory), S.J. Sciutto(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Scuderi(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Segreto(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Semikoz(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Settimo(Pierre Auger Observatory), R.C. Shellard(Pierre Auger Observatory), I. Sidelnik(Pierre Auger Observatory), B.B. Siffert(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Sigl(Pierre Auger Observatory), N. Smetniansky De Grande(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Śmiałkowski(Pierre Auger Observatory), Radomir Šmída(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. G. Smith(Pierre Auger Observatory), B.E. Smith(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. R. Snow(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Sokolsky(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Sommers(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Sorokin(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Spinka(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Squartini(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Strazzeri(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Stutz(Pierre Auger Observatory), F. Suárez(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Suomijärvi(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. D. Supanitsky(Pierre Auger Observatory), M.S. Sutherland(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Swain(Pierre Auger Observatory), Zbigniew Szadkowski(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Takahashi(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Tamashiro(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Tamburro(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Taşcău(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Tcaciuc(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Thomas(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Ticona(Pierre Auger Observatory), Javier Tiffenberg(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Timmermans(Pierre Auger Observatory), W. Tkaczyk(Pierre Auger Observatory), Carlos J. Todero Peixoto(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Tomé(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Tonachini, D. Torresi(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Trávnı́ček(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Tripathi, G. Tristram(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Tscherniakhovski(Pierre Auger Observatory), Matias Jorge Tueros(Pierre Auger Observatory), Verena Tunnicliffe(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. Ulrich(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Unger(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Urban(Pierre Auger Observatory), Jose F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Valore(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. M. van den Berg(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. Van Elewyck(Pierre Auger Observatory), R. A. Vázquez(Pierre Auger Observatory), Darko Veberič(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Veiga, A. Velarde, Tonia M. Venters(Pierre Auger Observatory), V. Verzi(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Videla(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Villaseñor(Pierre Auger Observatory), S. Vorobiov(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Voyvodic(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Wahlberg(Pierre Auger Observatory), O. Wainberg(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Waldenmaier(Pierre Auger Observatory), Pablo Walker(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Warner(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. A. Watson, S. Westerhoff(Pierre Auger Observatory), G. Wieczorek(Pierre Auger Observatory), L. Wiencke(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Wilczyńska(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Wilczyński(Pierre Auger Observatory), C. Wileman(Pierre Auger Observatory), M.G. Winnick(Pierre Auger Observatory), H. Wu(Pierre Auger Observatory), B. Wundheiler(Pierre Auger Observatory), J. Xu(Pierre Auger Observatory), T. Yamamoto(Pierre Auger Observatory), P. Younk(Pierre Auger Observatory), E. Zas(Pierre Auger Observatory), D. Zavrtanik(Pierre Auger Observatory), M. Zavrtanik(Pierre Auger Observatory), A. Zech, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski(Pierre Auger Observatory)
Science
November 9, 2007
10.1126/science.1151124
Cited by 793Open Access
Full Text

Abstract

Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 10(19) electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within approximately 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources.

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