Functional Characterization of the <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Genome by Gene Deletion and Parallel Analysis
Elizabeth A. Winzeler(Stanford University), Daniel Shoemaker(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)), Anna Astromoff(Stanford University), Hong Liang(Stanford University), Keith M. Anderson(Stanford University), Bruno André(Université Libre de Bruxelles), Rhonda Bangham(Yale University), Rocío Benito(Universidad de Salamanca), Jef D. Boeke(Johns Hopkins University), Howard Bussey(McGill University), Angela Chu(Stanford University), Carla J. Connelly(Johns Hopkins University), Karen Davis(Stanford University), Fred S. Dietrich(University of Basel), Sally Dow(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)), Mohamed El Bakkoury(Interuniversity Institute for High Energies), Françoise Foury(UCLouvain), Stephen Friend(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)), Erik Gentalen(Thermo Fisher Scientific (Israel)), Guri Giaever(Stanford University), Johannes H. Hegemann(Life Science Center Düsseldorf (Germany)), Ted Jones(Stanford University), Michael T. Laub(Stanford University), Hong Liao(Yale University), Nicole Liebundguth(University of Basel), David J. Lockhart(Thermo Fisher Scientific (Israel)), Anca Lucau‐Danila(UCLouvain), Marc Lussier(McGill University), Nasiha M’Rabet(Université Libre de Bruxelles), P Ménard(McGill University), Michael Mittmann(Thermo Fisher Scientific (Israel)), Chai Pai(Stanford University), Corinne Rebischung(University of Basel), José Luis Revuelta(Universidad de Salamanca), Linda Riles(Washington University in St. Louis), Christopher J. Roberts(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)), Petra Ross‐Macdonald(Yale University), Bart Scherens(Interuniversity Institute for High Energies), M Snyder(Yale University), Sharon Sookhai-Mahadeo(Johns Hopkins University), Reginald Storms(McGill University), Steeve Véronneau(McGill University), Marleen Voet(KU Leuven), Guido Volckaert(KU Leuven), Teresa R. Ward(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)), Robert Wysocki(UCLouvain), Grace S. Yen(Stanford University), Kexin Yu(Johns Hopkins University), Katja Zimmermann(Life Science Center Düsseldorf (Germany)), Peter Philippsen(University of Basel), Mark Johnston(Washington University in St. Louis), Ronald W. Davis(Stanford University)
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Abstract
The functions of many open reading frames (ORFs) identified in genome-sequencing projects are unknown. New, whole-genome approaches are required to systematically determine their function. A total of 6925 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were constructed, by a high-throughput strategy, each with a precise deletion of one of 2026 ORFs (more than one-third of the ORFs in the genome). Of the deleted ORFs, 17 percent were essential for viability in rich medium. The phenotypes of more than 500 deletion strains were assayed in parallel. Of the deletion strains, 40 percent showed quantitative growth defects in either rich or minimal medium.