Evidence for Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos
Y. Fukuda(The University of Tokyo), T. Hayakawa(The University of Tokyo), E. Ichihara(The University of Tokyo), K. Inoue(The University of Tokyo), K. Ishihara(The University of Tokyo), H. Ishino(The University of Tokyo), Y. Itow(The University of Tokyo), T. Kajita(The University of Tokyo), J. Kameda(The University of Tokyo), S. Kasuga(The University of Tokyo), Kazuyoshi Kobayashi(The University of Tokyo), Yoshiyuki Kobayashi(The University of Tokyo), Y. Koshio(The University of Tokyo), M. Miura(The University of Tokyo), M. Nakahata(The University of Tokyo), S. Nakayama(The University of Tokyo), Atsushi Okada(The University of Tokyo), K. Okumura(The University of Tokyo), N. Sakurai(The University of Tokyo), M. Shiozawa(The University of Tokyo), Y. Suzuki(The University of Tokyo), Y. Takeuchi(The University of Tokyo), Y. Totsuka(The University of Tokyo), S. Yamada(The University of Tokyo), M. Earl(Boston University), A. Habig(Boston University), E. Kearns(Boston University), M. D. Messier(Boston University), K. Scholberg(Boston University), J. L. Stone(Boston University), L. Sulak(Boston University), C. W. Walter(Boston University), M. Goldhaber(Brookhaven National Laboratory), T. Barszczxak(University of California, Irvine), D. Casper(University of California, Irvine), W. Gajewski(University of California, Irvine), P. G. Halverson(University of California, Irvine), Jonathan Y. Hsu(University of California, Irvine), W. R. Kropp(University of California, Irvine), L. R. Price(University of California, Irvine), F. Reines(University of California, Irvine), M. Smy(University of California, Irvine), H. W. Sobel(University of California, Irvine), M. R. Vagins(University of California, Irvine), K. S. Ganezer(California State University, Dominguez Hills), W. E. Keig(California State University, Dominguez Hills), R. W. Ellsworth(George Mason University), S. Tasaka(Gifu University), J. Flanagan(University of Hawaii System), A. Kibayashi(University of Hawaii System), J. G. Learned(University of Hawaii System), S. Matsuno(University of Hawaii System), V. J. Stenger(University of Hawaii System), D. Takemori(University of Hawaii System), T. Ishii(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), J. Kanzaki(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), T. Kobayashi(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), S. Mine(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), K. Nakamura(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), K. Nishikawa(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Y. Oyama(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Akito Sakai(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), M. Sakuda(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), O. Sasaki(High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), S. Echigo(Kobe University), M. Kohama(Kobe University), Y. Suzuki(Tohoku University), T. J. Haines(Los Alamos National Laboratory), E. Blaufuss(Louisiana State University), B. K. Kim(Louisiana State University), R. Sanford(Louisiana State University), R. Svoboda(Louisiana State University), M. L. Chen(University of Maryland, College Park), Z. Conner(University of Maryland, College Park), J. A. Goodman(University of Maryland, College Park), G. W. Sullivan(University of Maryland, College Park), J. Hill(State University of New York), C. K. Jung(State University of New York), K. Martens(State University of New York), C. Mauger(State University of New York), C. McGrew(State University of New York), E. Sharkey(State University of New York), B. Viren(State University of New York), C. Yanagisawa(State University of New York), W. Doki(Niigata University), K. Miyano(Niigata University), H. Okazawa(Niigata University), C. Saji(Niigata University), M. Takahata(Niigata University), Y. Nagashima(The University of Osaka), M. Takita(The University of Osaka), Tomohiro Yamaguchi(The University of Osaka), M. Yoshida(The University of Osaka), S. B. Kim(Seoul National University), Masato Eto(Tohoku University), K. Fujita(Tohoku University), T. Hasegawa(Tohoku University), T. Hasegawa(Tohoku University), S. Hatakeyama(Tohoku University), T. Iwamoto(Tohoku University), M. Koga(Tohoku University), T. Maruyama(Tohoku University), Hiroshi Ogawa(Tohoku University), J. Shirai(Tohoku University), Y. Suzuki(Tohoku University), F. Tsushima(Tohoku University), M. Koshiba(The University of Tokyo), M. Nemoto(Tokai University), K. Nishijima(Tokai University), T. Futagami(Tokyo Institute of Technology), Y. Hayato(Tokyo Institute of Technology), Y. Kanaya(Tokyo Institute of Technology), K. Kaneyuki(Tokyo Institute of Technology), Y. Watanabe(Tokyo Institute of Technology), D. Kiełczewska(University of California, Irvine), R. A. Doyle(University of Washington), J. S. George(University of Washington), A. L. Stachyra(University of Washington), L. Wai(University of Washington), R. J. Wilkes(University of Washington), K. K. Young(University of Washington)
Cited by 5,075Open Access
Abstract
We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kton yr (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. Experimental biases and uncertainties in the prediction of neutrino fluxes and cross sections are unable to explain our observation. The data are consistent, however, with two-flavor ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ oscillations with ${sin}^{2}2\ensuremath{\theta}>0.82$ and $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}<\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2}<6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{eV}{}^{2}$ at 90% confidence level.
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