Hydrogen Clusters in Clathrate Hydrate
Wendy L. Mao(Carnegie Institution for Science), Ho‐kwang Mao(Carnegie Institution for Science), Alexander F. Goncharov(Carnegie Institution for Science), Viktor V. Struzhkin(Carnegie Institution for Science), Quanzhong Guo(Carnegie Institution for Science), Jingzhú Hu(Carnegie Institution for Science), Jinfu Shu(Carnegie Institution for Science), Russell J. Hemley(Carnegie Institution for Science), Maddury Somayazulu(Argonne National Laboratory), Yusheng Zhao(Los Alamos National Laboratory)
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Abstract
High-pressure Raman, infrared, x-ray, and neutron studies show that H2 and H2O mixtures crystallize into the sII clathrate structure with an approximate H2/H2O molar ratio of 1:2. The clathrate cages are multiply occupied, with a cluster of two H2 molecules in the small cage and four in the large cage. Substantial softening and splitting of hydrogen vibrons indicate increased intermolecular interactions. The quenched clathrate is stable up to 145 kelvin at ambient pressure. Retention of hydrogen at such high temperatures could help its condensation in planetary nebulae and may play a key role in the evolution of icy bodies.
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