The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome

Mark T. Ross; Darren Grafham; Alison J. Coffey; Steven E. Scherer; Kirsten McLay; Donna M. Muzny; Matthias Platzer; Gareth R. Howell; Christine Burrows; Christine Bird; Adam Frankish; F.L. Lovell; Kevin Howe; Jennifer Ashurst; Robert S. Fulton; Ralf Sudbrak; Gaiping Wen; Matthew C. Jones; Matthew E. Hurles; T. Daniel Andrews; Carol Scott; Stephen M. J. Searle; Juliane Ramser; Adam Whittaker; Rebecca Deadman; Nigel P. Carter; Sarah Hunt; Rui Chen; Andrew Cree; Preethi H. Gunaratne; Paul Havlak; Anne V. Hodgson; Michael L. Metzker; Stephen Richards; Graham Scott; David L. Steffen; Erica Sodergren; David A. Wheeler; Kim C. Worley; R. Ainscough; K. D. Ambrose; M. Ali Ansari‐Lari; Swaroop Aradhya; R. I. S. Ashwell; Anne Babbage; C. L. Bagguley; Andrea Ballabio; Ruby Banerjee; Gary E. Barker; K. F. Barlow; Ian P. Barrett; Karen N. Bates; David Beare; Helen Beasley; O. Beasley; Alfred Beck; Graeme Bethel; Karin Blechschmidt; Nicola Brady; S. Bray-Allen; Anne Bridgeman; Andrew J. Brown; Mary Jean Brown; David Bonnin; Elspeth A. Bruford; Christian Buhay; Paula E. Burch; D. C. Burford; Joanne C. Burgess; W. Burrill; John H. Burton; Jackie Bye; C. Carder; Laura Carrel; Joseph Chako; J. C. Chapman; Dean Chavez; Ellson Chen; Guan Chen; Yuan Chen; Zhijian J. Chen; Craig Chinault; Alfredo Ciccodicola; S. Y. Clark; Graham Clarke; Chris M. Clee; S. M. Clegg; Kerstin P. Clerc-Blankenburg; Karen Clifford; V. Cobley; Charlotte G. Cole; Jen S. Conquer; N. Corby; Richard E. Connor; Robert David; J. Davies; Clay Davis; John N. Davis; Oliver Delgado; Denise R. Deshazo; Pawandeep Dhami; Yan Ding; Huyen Dinh; Steve Dodsworth; Heather Draper; Shannon Dugan-Rocha; Andrew Dunham; Matthew Dunn; K. James Durbin; Ireena Dutta; T Eades; Matthew Ellwood; Alexandra J. Emery-Cohen; Helen Errington; Kathryn L. Evans; Louisa Faulkner; Fiona Francis; J. D. Frankland; Audrey E. Fraser; Petra Galgóczy; James Gilbert; Rachel Gill; Gernot Glöckner; Simon G. Gregory; Susan Gribble; Chris Griffiths; Russell Grocock; Yanghong Gu; Rhian Gwilliam; Cerissa Hamilton; Elizabeth A. Hart; Alicia Hawes; P. D. Heath; Katja Heitmann; Steffen Hennig; Judith Hernandez; Bernd Hinzmann; Sarah K Ho; Michael Hoffs; Phillip J. Howden; Elizabeth J. Huckle; Jennifer Hume; Paul Hunt; Adrienne Hunt; J. Isherwood; Leni S. Jacob; David J. Johnson; Sally Jones; Pieter J. de Jong; Shirin S. Joseph; Stephen Keenan; Susan H. Kelly; J. K. Kershaw; Ziad Khan; Petra Kioschis; Sven Klages; Andrew Knights; Anna Kosiura; Christie Kovar-Smith; Gavin K. Laird; Cordelia Langford; Stephanie Lawlor; Margaret Leversha; Lora Lewis; Wen Liu; Christine Lloyd; David Lloyd; Hermela Loulseged; Jane Loveland; J. Lovell; Ryan J. Lozado; Jing Lü; R. Lyne; Jie Ma; M. Maheshwari; Lucy Matthews; Jennifer McDowall; Stuart McLaren; Amanda A. McMurray; Patrick Meidl; Thomas Meitinger; Sarah Milne; George Miner; Shailesh Mistry; Margaret Morgan; Sidney M. Morris; Ines Müller; James C. Mullikin; Ngoc B. Nguyen; Gabriele Nordsiek; Gerald Nyakatura; C. Odell; Geoffery Okwuonu; Sophie Palmer; Richard Pandian; David L. Parker; Julia Parrish; Shiran Pasternak; Dina Patel; A. V. Pearce; Danita M. Pearson; Sarah Pelan; Lesette Perez; Keith Porter; Y. Ramsey; Kathrin Reichwald; Susan Rhodes; Kerry A. Ridler; David Schlessinger; Mary G. Schueler; Harminder Sehra; Charles Shaw‐Smith; Hua Shen; E. Sheridan; R. Shownkeen; C. D. Skuce; Michelle Smith; Elizabeth C. Sotheran; Helen E. Steingruber; Charles A. Steward; Roy Storey; R. Mark Swann; David Swarbreck; Paul E. Tabor; Stefan Taudien; T. D. Taylor; Brian Teague; Karen Thomas; A. Thorpe; Kirsten M. Timms; Alan Tracey; Steve Trevanion; A. Tromans; Michele D’Urso; Daniel Verduzco; Donna Villasana; Lenée Waldron; Melanie Wall; Qiaoyan Wang; James T. Warren; Georgina Warry; Xuehong Wei; Anthony P. West; Siobhan Whitehead; Mathew N. Whiteley; Jane E. Wilkinson; David L. Willey; Gabrielle A. Williams; Leanne E. Williams; Angela Williamson; Helen Williamson; Laurens Wilming; Rebecca Woodmansey; Paul Wray; Jennifer Yen; Jingkun Zhang; Jianling Zhou; Huda Y. Zoghbi; Sara Zorilla; David Buck; Richard Reinhardt; Annemarie Poustka; André Rosenthal; Hans Lehrach; Alfons Meindl; Patrick Minx; LaDeana W. Hillier; Huntington F. Willard; Richard K. Wilson; R Waterston; Catherine M. Rice; Mark D. Vaudin; Alan Coulson; David L. Nelson; George M. Weinstock; John Sulston; Richard Durbin; Tim Hubbard; Richard A. Gibbs; Stephan Beck; Jane Rogers; David Bentley

doi:10.1038/nature03440

The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome

Mark T. Ross(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Darren Grafham(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Alison J. Coffey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Steven E. Scherer(Baylor College of Medicine), Kirsten McLay(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Donna M. Muzny(Baylor College of Medicine), Matthias Platzer, Gareth R. Howell(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Christine Burrows(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Christine Bird(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Adam Frankish(Wellcome Sanger Institute), F.L. Lovell(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Kevin Howe(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jennifer Ashurst(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Robert S. Fulton(Washington University in St. Louis), Ralf Sudbrak(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Gaiping Wen, Matthew C. Jones(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Matthew E. Hurles(Wellcome Sanger Institute), T. Daniel Andrews(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Carol Scott(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Stephen M. J. Searle(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Juliane Ramser(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), Adam Whittaker(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Rebecca Deadman(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Nigel P. Carter(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Sarah Hunt(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Rui Chen(Baylor College of Medicine), Andrew Cree(Baylor College of Medicine), Preethi H. Gunaratne(Baylor College of Medicine), Paul Havlak(Baylor College of Medicine), Anne V. Hodgson(Baylor College of Medicine), Michael L. Metzker(Baylor College of Medicine), Stephen Richards(Baylor College of Medicine), Graham Scott(Baylor College of Medicine), David L. Steffen(Baylor College of Medicine), Erica Sodergren(Baylor College of Medicine), David A. Wheeler(Baylor College of Medicine), Kim C. Worley(Baylor College of Medicine), R. Ainscough(Wellcome Sanger Institute), K. D. Ambrose(Wellcome Sanger Institute), M. Ali Ansari‐Lari(Baylor College of Medicine), Swaroop Aradhya(Baylor College of Medicine), R. I. S. Ashwell(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Anne Babbage(Wellcome Sanger Institute), C. L. Bagguley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Andrea Ballabio(Baylor College of Medicine), Ruby Banerjee(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Gary E. Barker(Wellcome Sanger Institute), K. F. Barlow(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Ian P. Barrett(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Karen N. Bates(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Beare(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Helen Beasley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), O. Beasley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Alfred Beck(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Graeme Bethel(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Karin Blechschmidt, Nicola Brady(Wellcome Sanger Institute), S. Bray-Allen(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Anne Bridgeman(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Andrew J. Brown(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Mary Jean Brown(Baylor College of Medicine), David Bonnin(Baylor College of Medicine), Elspeth A. Bruford(University College London), Christian Buhay(Baylor College of Medicine), Paula E. Burch(Baylor College of Medicine), D. C. Burford(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Joanne C. Burgess(Wellcome Sanger Institute), W. Burrill(Wellcome Sanger Institute), John H. Burton(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jackie Bye(Wellcome Sanger Institute), C. Carder(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Laura Carrel(Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center), Joseph Chako(Baylor College of Medicine), J. C. Chapman(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Dean Chavez(Baylor College of Medicine), Ellson Chen, Guan Chen(Baylor College of Medicine), Yuan Chen(European Bioinformatics Institute), Zhijian J. Chen(Baylor College of Medicine), Craig Chinault(Baylor College of Medicine), Alfredo Ciccodicola(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), S. Y. Clark(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Graham Clarke(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Chris M. Clee(Wellcome Sanger Institute), S. M. Clegg(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Kerstin P. Clerc-Blankenburg(Baylor College of Medicine), Karen Clifford(Wellcome Sanger Institute), V. Cobley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Charlotte G. Cole(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jen S. Conquer(Wellcome Sanger Institute), N. Corby(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Richard E. Connor(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Robert David(Baylor College of Medicine), J. Davies(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Clay Davis(Baylor College of Medicine), John N. Davis(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Oliver Delgado(Baylor College of Medicine), Denise R. Deshazo(Baylor College of Medicine), Pawandeep Dhami(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Yan Ding(Baylor College of Medicine), Huyen Dinh(Baylor College of Medicine), Steve Dodsworth(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Heather Draper(Baylor College of Medicine), Shannon Dugan-Rocha(Baylor College of Medicine), Andrew Dunham(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Matthew Dunn(Wellcome Sanger Institute), K. James Durbin(Baylor College of Medicine), Ireena Dutta(Wellcome Sanger Institute), T Eades(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Matthew Ellwood(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Alexandra J. Emery-Cohen(Baylor College of Medicine), Helen Errington(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Kathryn L. Evans(Western General Hospital), Louisa Faulkner(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Fiona Francis(Inserm), J. D. Frankland(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Audrey E. Fraser(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Petra Galgóczy, James Gilbert(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Rachel Gill(Baylor College of Medicine), Gernot Glöckner, Simon G. Gregory(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Susan Gribble(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Chris Griffiths(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Russell Grocock(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Yanghong Gu(Baylor College of Medicine), Rhian Gwilliam(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Cerissa Hamilton(Baylor College of Medicine), Elizabeth A. Hart(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Alicia Hawes(Baylor College of Medicine), P. D. Heath(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Katja Heitmann(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Steffen Hennig(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Judith Hernandez(Baylor College of Medicine), Bernd Hinzmann, Sarah K Ho(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Michael Hoffs(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Phillip J. Howden(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Elizabeth J. Huckle(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jennifer Hume(Baylor College of Medicine), Paul Hunt(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Adrienne Hunt(Wellcome Sanger Institute), J. Isherwood(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Leni S. Jacob(Baylor College of Medicine), David J. Johnson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Sally Jones(Baylor College of Medicine), Pieter J. de Jong, Shirin S. Joseph(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Stephen Keenan(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Susan H. Kelly(Baylor College of Medicine), J. K. Kershaw(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Ziad Khan(Baylor College of Medicine), Petra Kioschis(German Cancer Research Center), Sven Klages(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Andrew Knights(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Anna Kosiura(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Christie Kovar-Smith(Baylor College of Medicine), Gavin K. Laird(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Cordelia Langford(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Stephanie Lawlor(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Margaret Leversha(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Lora Lewis(Baylor College of Medicine), Wen Liu(Baylor College of Medicine), Christine Lloyd(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Lloyd(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Hermela Loulseged(Baylor College of Medicine), Jane Loveland(Wellcome Sanger Institute), J. Lovell(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Ryan J. Lozado(Baylor College of Medicine), Jing Lü(Baylor College of Medicine), R. Lyne(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jie Ma(Baylor College of Medicine), M. Maheshwari(Baylor College of Medicine), Lucy Matthews(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jennifer McDowall(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Stuart McLaren(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Amanda A. McMurray(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Patrick Meidl(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Thomas Meitinger(Institute of Groundwater Ecology), Sarah Milne(Wellcome Sanger Institute), George Miner(Baylor College of Medicine), Shailesh Mistry(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Margaret Morgan(Baylor College of Medicine), Sidney M. Morris(Baylor College of Medicine), Ines Müller(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), James C. Mullikin(National Institutes of Health), Ngoc B. Nguyen(Baylor College of Medicine), Gabriele Nordsiek, Gerald Nyakatura, C. Odell(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Geoffery Okwuonu(Baylor College of Medicine), Sophie Palmer(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Richard Pandian(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David L. Parker(Baylor College of Medicine), Julia Parrish(Baylor College of Medicine), Shiran Pasternak(Baylor College of Medicine), Dina Patel(Wellcome Sanger Institute), A. V. Pearce(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Danita M. Pearson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Sarah Pelan(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Lesette Perez(Baylor College of Medicine), Keith Porter(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Y. Ramsey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Kathrin Reichwald, Susan Rhodes(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Kerry A. Ridler(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Schlessinger(National Institute on Aging), Mary G. Schueler(National Institutes of Health), Harminder Sehra(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Charles Shaw‐Smith(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Hua Shen(Baylor College of Medicine), E. Sheridan(Wellcome Sanger Institute), R. Shownkeen(Wellcome Sanger Institute), C. D. Skuce(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Michelle Smith(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Elizabeth C. Sotheran(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Helen E. Steingruber(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Charles A. Steward(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Roy Storey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), R. Mark Swann(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Swarbreck(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Paul E. Tabor(Baylor College of Medicine), Stefan Taudien, T. D. Taylor(Baylor College of Medicine), Brian Teague(Baylor College of Medicine), Karen Thomas(Wellcome Sanger Institute), A. Thorpe(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Kirsten M. Timms(Baylor College of Medicine), Alan Tracey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Steve Trevanion(Wellcome Sanger Institute), A. Tromans(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Michele D’Urso(Institute of Genetics and Biophysics), Daniel Verduzco(Baylor College of Medicine), Donna Villasana(Baylor College of Medicine), Lenée Waldron(Baylor College of Medicine), Melanie Wall(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Qiaoyan Wang(Baylor College of Medicine), James T. Warren(Baylor College of Medicine), Georgina Warry(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Xuehong Wei(Baylor College of Medicine), Anthony P. West(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Siobhan Whitehead(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Mathew N. Whiteley(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jane E. Wilkinson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David L. Willey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Gabrielle A. Williams(Baylor College of Medicine), Leanne E. Williams(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Angela Williamson(Baylor College of Medicine), Helen Williamson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Laurens Wilming(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Rebecca Woodmansey(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Paul Wray(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jennifer Yen(Baylor College of Medicine), Jingkun Zhang(Baylor College of Medicine), Jianling Zhou(Baylor College of Medicine), Huda Y. Zoghbi(Baylor College of Medicine), Sara Zorilla(Baylor College of Medicine), David Buck(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Richard Reinhardt(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Annemarie Poustka(German Cancer Research Center), André Rosenthal, Hans Lehrach(Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics), Alfons Meindl(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), Patrick Minx(Washington University in St. Louis), LaDeana W. Hillier(Washington University in St. Louis), Huntington F. Willard(Duke University), Richard K. Wilson(Washington University in St. Louis), R Waterston(Washington University in St. Louis), Catherine M. Rice(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Mark D. Vaudin(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Alan Coulson(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David L. Nelson(Baylor College of Medicine), George M. Weinstock(Baylor College of Medicine), John Sulston(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Richard Durbin(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Tim Hubbard(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Richard A. Gibbs(Baylor College of Medicine), Stephan Beck(Wellcome Sanger Institute), Jane Rogers(Wellcome Sanger Institute), David Bentley(Wellcome Sanger Institute)

Nature

March 1, 2005

10.1038/nature03440

Cited by 1,160Open Access

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