Mn²⁺ Dopant‐Controlled Synthesis of NaYF₄:Yb/Er Upconversion Nanoparticles for in vivo Imaging and Drug Delivery

Abstract

Pure dark red emission (650–670nm) of NaYF4:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is achieved by manganese ions (Mn2+) doping. In addition, the Mn2+- doping can also control the crystalline phase and size of the resulting UCNPs simultaneously. Drug delivery studies suggest the promise of these UCNPs as drug carriers for intracellular drug delivery and eventually as a multifunctional nanoplatform for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.