Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
Kostya S. Novoselov(University of Manchester), A. K. Geǐm(University of Manchester), С. В. Морозов(University of Manchester), Da Jiang(University of Manchester), Y. Zhang(University of Manchester), S. V. Dubonos(University of Manchester), I. V. Grigorieva(University of Manchester), А. А. Firsov(University of Manchester)
Cited by 65,952Open Access
Abstract
We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10(13) per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of approximately 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
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