Synergistic Effect of Flavones and Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Cell Culture. Comparison with the Antiviral Activity of Propolis

Abstract

The in vitro activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 of the major flavonoids identified in propolis was investigated. Flavonols were found to be more active than flavones, the order of importance being galangin, kaempferol, and quercetin. The efficacy against HSV-1 of binary flavone-flavonol combinations has been also investigated. The synergy demonstrated by all combinations could explain why propolis is more active than its individual compounds.