<title>Architectures for 100-km 2048 split bidirectional SuperPONs from ACTS-PLANET</title>

Abstract

This paper presents different architectures for high split, wide range bidirectional SuperPONs.One of the ways to achieve such SuperPONs is by the introduction of erbium- doped-fiber-amplifiers or semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) in order to overcome the strongly increased power budgets in comparison to conventional PONs. This will however present new challenges in overcoming the 'noise- funneling' effect caused by the parallel amplifiers. Four different approaches are studied: 1) using of on/off switchable semiconductor optical amplifiers, 2) using parallel erbium-doped-fiber amplifiers, 3) using electro- optic regeneration, and 4) using conventional SDH, ATM and APON technology. A description is given of each architecture, including advantages and drawbacks. These architectures serve as input to further studies performed by the ACTS-PLANET consortium. The power-budget studies showed that it is technically feasible to develop a SuperPON with a 2048 split and a 70-100 km range.