A Trial of Imaging Selection and Endovascular Treatment for Ischemic Stroke

Chelsea S. Kidwell(Georgetown University), Reza Jahan(University of California, Los Angeles), Jeffrey Gornbein(University of California, Los Angeles), Jeffry R. Alger(University of California, Los Angeles), Val Nenov(University of California, Los Angeles), Zahra Ajani(Kaiser Permanente), Lei Feng(Kaiser Permanente), Brett C. Meyer(University of California San Diego), Scott Olson(University of California San Diego), Lee H. Schwamm(Harvard University Press), Albert J. Yoo(Harvard University Press), Randolph S. Marshall(Columbia University), Philip M. Meyers(Columbia University), Dileep R. Yavagal(University of Miami), Max Wintermark(University of Virginia), Judy Guzy(University of California, Los Angeles), Sidney Starkman(University of California, Los Angeles), Jeffrey L. Saver(University of California, Los Angeles)
New England Journal of Medicine
February 8, 2013
10.1056/nejmoa1212793
Cited by 1,377Open Access
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Whether brain imaging can identify patients who are most likely to benefit from therapies for acute ischemic stroke and whether endovascular thrombectomy improves clinical outcomes in such patients remains unclear. METHODS: In this study, we randomly assigned patients within 8 hours after the onset of large-vessel, anterior-circulation strokes to undergo mechanical embolectomy (Merci Retriever or Penumbra System) or receive standard care. All patients underwent pretreatment computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Randomization was stratified according to whether the patient had a favorable penumbral pattern (substantial salvageable tissue and small infarct core) or a nonpenumbral pattern (large core or small or absent penumbra). We assessed outcomes using the 90-day modified Rankin scale, ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (dead). RESULTS: Among 118 eligible patients, the mean age was 65.5 years, the mean time to enrollment was 5.5 hours, and 58% had a favorable penumbral pattern. Revascularization in the embolectomy group was achieved in 67% of the patients. Ninety-day mortality was 21%, and the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 4%; neither rate differed across groups. Among all patients, mean scores on the modified Rankin scale did not differ between embolectomy and standard care (3.9 vs. 3.9, P=0.99). Embolectomy was not superior to standard care in patients with either a favorable penumbral pattern (mean score, 3.9 vs. 3.4; P=0.23) or a nonpenumbral pattern (mean score, 4.0 vs. 4.4; P=0.32). In the primary analysis of scores on the 90-day modified Rankin scale, there was no interaction between the pretreatment imaging pattern and treatment assignment (P=0.14). CONCLUSIONS: A favorable penumbral pattern on neuroimaging did not identify patients who would differentially benefit from endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke, nor was embolectomy shown to be superior to standard care. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; MR RESCUE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00389467.).

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