Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals

Dong Shi(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Valerio Adinolfi(University of Toronto), Riccardo Comin(University of Toronto), Mingjian Yuan(University of Toronto), Erkki Alarousu(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Andrei Buin(University of Toronto), Yin Chen(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Sjoerd Hoogland(University of Toronto), A. Rothenberger(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Khabiboulakh Katsiev(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Yaroslav Losovyj(Indiana University Bloomington), Xin Zhang(University of Nebraska–Lincoln), P. A. Dowben(University of Nebraska–Lincoln), Omar F. Mohammed(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Edward H. Sargent(University of Toronto), Osman M. Bakr(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)
Science
January 29, 2015
10.1126/science.aaa2725
Cited by 5,039

Abstract

The fundamental properties and ultimate performance limits of organolead trihalide MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3(+); X = Br(-) or I(-)) perovskites remain obscured by extensive disorder in polycrystalline MAPbX3 films. We report an antisolvent vapor-assisted crystallization approach that enables us to create sizable crack-free MAPbX3 single crystals with volumes exceeding 100 cubic millimeters. These large single crystals enabled a detailed characterization of their optical and charge transport characteristics. We observed exceptionally low trap-state densities on the order of 10(9) to 10(10) per cubic centimeter in MAPbX3 single crystals (comparable to the best photovoltaic-quality silicon) and charge carrier diffusion lengths exceeding 10 micrometers. These results were validated with density functional theory calculations.

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