A chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat ( <i>Triticum aestivum</i> ) genome

Klaus Mayer, Jane Rogers, Jaroslav Doležel(Czech Academy of Sciences), Curtis Pozniak(University of Saskatchewan), Kellye Eversole, Catherine Feuillet(Bayer (Germany)), Bikram Gill(Kansas State University), Bernd Friebe(Kansas State University), Adam J. Lukaszewski(University of California, Riverside), Pierre Sourdille(Institut Pascal), Takashi R. Endo(Kyoto University), Marie Kubaláková(Czech Academy of Sciences), Jarmila Číhalíková(Czech Academy of Sciences), Zdeňka Dubská(Czech Academy of Sciences), Jan Vrána(Czech Academy of Sciences), Romana Šperková(Czech Academy of Sciences), Hana Šimková(Czech Academy of Sciences), Melanie Febrer(University of Dundee), Leah Clissold, Kirsten McLay, Kuldeep Singh(Punjab Agricultural University), Parveen Chhuneja(Punjab Agricultural University), Nagendra Kumar Singh(Indian Agricultural Research Institute), Jitendra P. Khurana(University of Delhi), Eduard Akhunov(Kansas State University), Frédéric Choulet(Institut Pascal), Adriana Alberti, Valérie Barbe, Patrick Wincker, Hiroyuki Kanamori(University of Tsukuba), Fuminori Kobayashi(University of Tsukuba), Takeshi Itoh(University of Tsukuba), Takashi Matsumoto(University of Tsukuba), Hiroaki Sakai(University of Tsukuba), Tsuyoshi Tanaka(University of Tsukuba), Jianzhong Wu(University of Tsukuba), Yasunari Ogihara(Yokohama City University), Hirokazu Handa(University of Tsukuba), P. Ron Maclachlan(University of Saskatchewan), Andrew Sharpe(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine), Darrin Klassen(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine), David Edwards, Jacqueline Batley, Odd-Arne Olsen, Simen R. Sandve(Norwegian University of Life Sciences), Sigbjørn Lien(Norwegian University of Life Sciences), Burkhard Steuernagel, Brande B. H. Wulff, Mario Cáccamo, Sarah Ayling, Ricardo H. Ramírez-González, Bernardo Clavijo, Jonathan Wright, Matthias Pfeifer, M. Spannagl, Mihaela Martis, Martin Mascher(Leibniz Association), Jarrod Chapman(United States Department of Energy), Jesse Poland(Kansas State University), Uwe Scholz(Leibniz Association), Kerrie Barry(United States Department of Energy), Robbie Waugh(James Hutton Institute), Daniel S. Rokhsar(United States Department of Energy), Gary J. Muehlbauer, Nils Stein(Leibniz Association), Heidrun Gundlach, Matthias Zytnicki(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Véronique Jamilloux(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Hadi Quesneville(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Thomas Wicker(University of Zurich), Primetta Faccioli, Moreno Colaiacovo, A. M. Stanca, Hikmet Budak(Sabancı Üniversitesi), Luigi Cattivelli, Natasha Glover(Institut Pascal), Lise Pingault(Institut Pascal), Etienne Paux(Institut Pascal), Sapna Sharma, R. Appels(Murdoch University), M. Bellgard(Murdoch University), Brett Chapman(Murdoch University), Thomas Nußbaumer, Kai Christian Bader, Hélène Rimbert, Shichen Wang(Kansas State University), R. E. Knox, Andrzej Kilian, Michaël Alaux(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Françoise Alfama(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), L.J. Couderc(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Nicolas Guilhot(Institut Pascal), Claire Viseux(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Mikaël Loaec(Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Beat Keller(University of Zurich), Sébastien Praud
Science
July 17, 2014
10.1126/science.1251788
Cited by 1,637Open Access
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Abstract

An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.

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