X-ray Diffraction Results from Mars Science Laboratory: Mineralogy of Rocknest at Gale Crater
D. L. Bish(Indiana University Bloomington), D. F. Blake(Ames Research Center), D. T. Vaniman(Planetary Science Institute), S. J. Chipera(Chesapeake Bay Program), R. V. Morris(Johnson Space Center), D. W. Ming(Johnson Space Center), A. H. Treiman(Lunar and Planetary Institute), P. Sarrazin(Campbell Institute), Shaunna M. Morrison(University of Arizona), R. T. Downs(University of Arizona), C. N. Achilles(Active Technologies (Italy)), A. S. Yen(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), T. F. Bristow(Ames Research Center), J. A. Crisp(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), John Michael Morookian(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Jack D. Farmer(Arizona State University), E. B. Rampe(Johnson Space Center), Edward M. Stolper(California Institute of Technology), N. Spanovich(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), MSL Science Team(Active Technologies (Italy)), Cherie Achilles(Active Technologies (Italy)), Christophe Agard, J. Verdasca, Robert C. Anderson, Ryan Anderson, Doug Archer, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Ray Arvidson, Evgeny Atlaskin, Sushil Atreya, A. D. Aubrey, Burt Baker, Michael B. Baker, T. Balić-Žunić, David Baratoux, Julien Baroukh, B. L. Barraclough, Keri Bean, L. W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, James Bell, Steve Bender, M. Benna, Jennifer Bentz, Gilles Berger, J. A. Berger, Daniel Berman(Indiana University Bloomington), D. L. Bish(Ames Research Center), D. F. Blake(Ames Research Center), J. J. Blanco, Diana Blaney, Jen Blank, Hannah Blau, Lora Bleacher, Eckart Boehm, Oliver Botta, S. Böttcher, Thomas Boucher, Hannah Bower, Nick Boyd, Bill Boynton, Elly Breves, J. C. Bridges, Nathan Bridges, W. B. Brinckerhoff, D. E. Brinza(Ames Research Center), T. F. Bristow(Ames Research Center), Claude Brunet, Anna Brunner, Will Brunner, A. Buch, Mark Bullock, S. Burmeister, M. Cabane, F. J. Calef, James F. Cameron, John "Iain" Campbell, Bruce Cantor, M. A. Caplinger, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Marco Carmosino, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Antoine Charpentier(Chesapeake Bay Program), S. J. Chipera(Chesapeake Bay Program), David S. Choi, B. C. Clark, S. M. Clegg, T. Cleghorn, Ed Cloutis, George D. Cody, Patrice Coll, P. G. Conrad, David Coscia, A. Cousin, David A. Cremers(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), J. A. Crisp(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Alain Cros, Frank Cucinotta, C. d’Uston, Scott Davis, Mackenzie Day, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Lauren DeFlores, D. Delapp, Julia DeMarines, David J. DesMarais, W. E. Dietrich, Robert Dingler, Christophe Donny(University of Arizona), Bob Downs, Darrell Drake, Gilles Dromart, Audrey Dupont, Brian Duston, Jason P. Dworkin, M. D. Dyar, L. A. Edgar, K. S. Edgett, Christopher S. Edwards, Laurence Edwards, Bethany Ehlmann, Bent Ehresmann, J. L. Eigenbrode, Beverley Elliott, Harvey Elliott, R. C. Ewing(GeoRessources), C. Fabre, Alberto González Fairén, Kenneth A. Farley(Arizona State University), Jack Farmer(Arizona State University), C. I. Fassett, Laurent Favot, Donald Fay, F. Fedosov, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Marty Fisk, Mike Fitzgibbon, Greg Flesch, Melissa Floyd, Lorenzo Flückiger, Olivier Forni, Abby Fraeman, Raymond Francis, Pascaline François, H. B. Franz, Caroline Freissinet, Katherine L. French, J. Frydenvang, Alain Gaboriaud, M. Gailhanou, James Garvin, O. Gasnault, Claude Geffroy, R. Gellert, M. Genzer, D. P. Glavin, Austin Godber, Fred Goesmann, W. Goetz, D. V. Golovin, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, Brigitte Gondet, Suzanne Gordon, Stephen Gorevan, J. A. Grant, J. L. Griffes, David Grinspoon, J. P. Grotzinger, Philippe Guillemot, Jingnan Guo, Sanjeev Gupta, Scott D. Guzewich, R. M. Haberle, Douglas Halleaux, B. Hallet, Vicky Hamilton, C. Hardgrove, David Harker, Daniel Harpold, Ari‐Matti Harri, Karl Harshman, Donald M. Hassler, Harri Haukka, Alex Hayes, Ken Herkenhoff, Paul Herrera, Sebastian Hettrich, Ezat Heydari, V. Hipkin, Tori M. Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Judy Hudgins, Wesley T. Huntress, Joel Hurowitz, S. F. Hviid, Karl Iagnemma, Steve Indyk, Guy Israël, Ryan S. Jackson, Samantha Jacob, B. M. Jakosky, Elsa Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, J. R. Johnson, Micah Johnson, Steve Johnstone, Andrea Jones, J. H. Jones, J. Joseph, I. Jun, Linda C. Kah, Henrik Kahanpää, Melinda Kahre, Natalya Karpushkina, W. T. Kasprzak, Janne Kauhanen, Leslie Keely, Osku Kemppinen, Didier Keymeulen, Myung-Hee Kim, Kjartan Kinch, Penny King, L. E. Kirkland, Gary Kocurek, Asmus Koefoed, Jan Köhler, Onno Kortmann, Alexander Kozyrev, Jill Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Ruslan Kuzmin, Jean Luc Lacour, Vivian Lafaille, Yves Langevin, N. Lanza, J. Lasue, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, Ella Mae Lee, Qiu-Mei Lee, David Lees, Matthew Lefavor, M. T. Lemmon, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, L. A. Leshin, Richard Léveillé, Éric Lewin-Carpintier, K. W. Lewis, Shuai Li, Leslie Lipkaman, Cynthia Little, M. L. Litvak, Eric Lorigny, G. W. Lugmair, Angela Lundberg, Eric Lyness, M. B. Madsen, P. R. Mahaffy, Justin Maki, A. Malakhov, Charles Malespin, Michael Malin, N. Mangold, G. Manhès, Heidi Manning, Geneviève Marchand, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, César Martín García, Dave Martin, Mildred Martin, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Patrick Mauchien, S. Maurice, A. C. McAdam, Elaina McCartney, Timothy McConnochie, Emily McCullough(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Ian McEwan, Christopher P. McKay, S. M. McLennan, Sean McNair, Noureddine Melikechi, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Michael A. Meÿer, Alissa Mezzacappa, Hayden Miller, Kristen Miller, R. E. Milliken(Johnson Space Center), D. W. Ming(Johnson Space Center), M. E. Minitti, Michael Mischna, И. Г. Митрофанов, J. E. Moersch, Maxim Mokrousov, Antonio Molina Jurado, John E. Moores, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), John Michael Morookian(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), R. V. Morris(University of Arizona), Shaunna M. Morrison(University of Arizona), R. Mueller‐Mellin, Jan‐Peter Müller, G. M. Muñoz, Marion Nachon, Sara Navarro López, R. Navarro‐González, Kenneth H. Nealson, Ara Nefian, Tony Nelson, Megan Newcombe, Claire Newman, H. E. Newsom, Sergey Nikiforov, P. B. Niles, Brian Nixon, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Thomas Nolan, Dorothy Z. Oehler, A. Ollila, Timothy Olson, Tobias Owen, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Alexis Paillet, E. Pallier, M. C. Palucis, T. J. Parker, Yann Parot, Kiran Patel, Mark Paton, G. Paulsen, Alexander A. Pavlov, Betina Pavri, Verónica Peinado-González, Robert Pepin, Laurent Péret, R. Pérez, G. M. Perrett, J. E. Peterson, C. Pilorget, Patrick Pinet, Jorge Pla-García, Ianik Plante, Franck Poitrasson, Jouni Polkko, Radu Popa, L. Posiolova, Arik Posner, Irina Pradler, Benito Prats, В. А. Прохоров, Sharon Wilson Purdy, E. Raaen, Leon J. Radziemski, Scot Rafkin, Miguel Ramos(Johnson Space Center), E. B. Rampe(Johnson Space Center), F. Raulin, M. A. Ravine, Günther Reitz, N. O. Rennó, M. S. Rice, M. I. Richardson, F. Robert, Kevin M. Robertson, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Scott K. Rowland, David Rubin, M. Saccoccio, Andrew Salamon, Jennifer Sandoval, Anton Sanin, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Lee Saper(Campbell Institute), P. Sarrazin(Campbell Institute), V. Sautter, Hannu Savijärvi, Jüergen Schieber, M. E. Schmidt, W. Schmidt, Daniel Scholes, Marcel Schoppers, Susanne Schröder, S. P. Schwenzer, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Aaron Sengstacken, Ruslan Shterts, K. L. Siebach, T. Siili, Jeff Simmonds, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, Susie Slavney, R. S. Sletten, M. D. Smith, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), N. Spanovich(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), John Spray, S. W. Squyres, Katie Stack, Fabien Stalport, A. Steele, Thomas Stein, J. C. Stern, Noel Stewart, S. L. S. Stipp, Kevin Stoiber(California Institute of Technology), Ed Stolper(California Institute of Technology), Bob Sucharski, Rob Sullivan, Roger Summons, D. Y. Sumner, V. Z. Sun, Kimberley Supulver, B. Sutter, Cyril Szopa, Florence Tan, Christopher Tate, Samuel Teinturier, Inge ten Kate, P. C. Thomas, Lucy Thompson, Robert Tokar, Mike Toplis, Josefina Torres Redondo, M. G. Trainer(Lunar and Planetary Institute), A. H. Treiman(Lunar and Planetary Institute), V. I. Tretyakov, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Scott VanBommel(Planetary Science Institute), D. T. Vaniman(Planetary Science Institute), A. Varenikov, A. R. Vasavada, Paulo Vasconcelos, Edward P. Vicenzi, Andrey Vostrukhin, Mary Voytek, M. Wadhwa, Jennifer Ward, C. R. Webster, E. Weigle, Danika Wellington, Francès Westall, Roger Craig Wiens, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Amy M. Williams, Joshua Williams, R. M. E. Williams, Richard B. Williams, Mike Wilson, R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, Mike Wolff, Mike Wong, J. J. Wray, Megan Wu, Charles Yana(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Albert Yen(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Aileen Yingst, Cary Zeitlin, Robert Zimdar, María-Paz Zorzano Mier
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Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis of the soil with the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, and pigeonite, with minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, and ilmenite. The minor phases are present at, or near, detection limits. The soil also contains 27 ± 14 weight percent x-ray amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe(3+)- and volatile-bearing phases, including possibly a substance resembling hisingerite. The crystalline component is similar to the normative mineralogy of certain basaltic rocks from Gusev crater on Mars and of martian basaltic meteorites. The amorphous component is similar to that found on Earth in places such as soils on the Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii.
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