“RadioAstron”-A telescope with a size of 300 000 km: Main parameters and first observational results
N. S. Kardashëv(Astro Space Center), В. В. Хартов(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), В. В. Абрамов(Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics), V. Yu. Avdeev(Astro Space Center), А. В. Алакоз(Astro Space Center), Yu.A. Aleksandrov(Astro Space Center), S. Ananthakrishnan(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), V. V. Andreyanov(Astro Space Center), A. S. Andrianov(Astro Space Center), N. M. Antonov(Astro Space Center), M. I. Artyukhov(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), Mikhail Arkhipov(Astro Space Center), Willem A. Baan(Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy), N. G. Babakin(Astro Space Center), V. Babyshkin(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), N. Bartel(York University), K. G. Belousov(Astro Space Center), A. A. Belyaev(Institute of Electronic Measurements KVARZ (Russia)), J. J. Berulis(Astro Space Center), B. F. Burke(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), A. Biryukov(Astro Space Center), A. E. Bubnov(Space Research Institute), M. S. Burgin(Astro Space Center), G. Busca(Observatoire Cantonal de Neuchâtel), A. A. Bykadorov(VNIIGIS), V. S. Bychkova(Astro Space Center), V. I. Vasil’kov(Astro Space Center), K. J. Wellington(Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), I. S. Vinogradov(Astro Space Center), R. D. Wietfeldt(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), P. A. Voitsik(Astro Space Center), A. S. Gvamichava(Astro Space Center), I. A. Girin(Astro Space Center), Leonid Gurvits(Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC), Р. Д. Дагкесаманский(Astro Space Center), Larry R. D’Addario(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), G. Giovannini(Osservatorio astronomico di Bologna), D. L. Jauncey(Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), P. E. Dewdney(University of Manchester), A. A. D'Yakov(Institute of Applied Astronomy), V. E. Zharov(Lomonosov Moscow State University), V. I. Zhuravlev(Astro Space Center), G. S. Zaslavskii(Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics), M. V. Zakhvatkin(Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics), A. N. Zinov’ev(Astro Space Center), Yu. Ilinen, А. В. Ипатов(Institute of Applied Astronomy), B. Z. Kanevskiĭ(Astro Space Center), I. A. Knorin(Astro Space Center), J. L. Casse(Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC), K. I. Kellermann(National Radio Astronomy Observatory), Yu. A. Kovalev(Astro Space Center), Y. Y. Kovalev(Astro Space Center), A. V. Kovalenko(Astro Space Center), BELLA KOGAN(Moscow Institute of Energy and Energy Saving), R. V. Komaev(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), А. А. Коноваленко(National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), G. D. Kopelyanskii(Astro Space Center), Yu. A. Korneev(Astro Space Center), В. И. Костенко(Astro Space Center), A. N. Kotik(Astro Space Center), B. B. Kreisman(Astro Space Center), A. Yu. Kukushkin(Space Research Institute), V. F. Kulishenko(National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), D.N. Cooper(Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), A. M. Kutkin(Astro Space Center), W. H. Cannon(York University), М. Г. Ларионов(Astro Space Center), Mikhail Lisakov(Astro Space Center), Л. Н. Литвиненко(National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), С. Ф. Лихачев(Astro Space Center), L. N. Likhacheva(Astro Space Center), A. P. Lobanov(Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy), С. В. Логвиненко(Astro Space Center), G. I. Langston(National Radio Astronomy Observatory), K. G. McCracken(Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), S. Yu. Medvedev(Institute of Electronic Measurements KVARZ (Russia)), M. V. Melekhin(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), A. Menderov(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), D. W. Murphy(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), T. A. Mizyakina(Astro Space Center), Yu. V. Mozgovoi(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), N. Ya. Nikolaev(Astro Space Center), B. S. Novikov(Astro Space Center), I. D. Novikov(Astro Space Center), V. V. Oreshko(Astro Space Center), Yu. K. Pavlenko(Institute of Electronic Measurements KVARZ (Russia)), I. N. Pashchenko(Astro Space Center), Yu. N. Ponomarev(Astro Space Center), M. V. Popov(Astro Space Center), A. Pravin-Kumar(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), R. A. Preston(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), V. N. Pyshnov(Astro Space Center), I. A. Rakhimov(Institute of Applied Astronomy), V. M. Rozhkov, J. D. Romney(National Radio Astronomy Observatory), Pietra Brito Rocha(Observatoire Cantonal de Neuchâtel), V. A. Rudakov(Astro Space Center), Antti V. Räisänen(Aalto University), S. V. Sazankov(Astro Space Center), B. A. Sakharov(Institute of Electronic Measurements KVARZ (Russia)), S. Semenov(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), V. A. Serebrennikov(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), R. T. Schilizzi(University of Manchester), D. P. Skulachev(Space Research Institute), V. I. Slysh(Astro Space Center), А. И. Смирнов(Astro Space Center), J. G. Smith(Jet Propulsion Laboratory), V. A. Soglasnov(Astro Space Center), K. V. Sokolovskii(Lomonosov Moscow State University), L.H. Sondaar(Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy), V. A. Stepanyants(Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics), M. S. Turygin(Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics), S. Yu. Turygin(Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics), А. Г. Тучин(Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics), S. Urpo(Aalto University), S. D. Fedorchuk(Astro Space Center), A. M. Finkel'Shteǐn(Institute of Applied Astronomy), E. B. Fomalont(National Radio Astronomy Observatory), I. Feješ, A. N. Fomina, Yu. B. Khapin(Space Research Institute), G. S. Tsarevskii(Astro Space Center), J. A. Zensus(Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy), A. Chuprikov(Astro Space Center), M. V. Shatskaya(Astro Space Center), N. Ya. Shapirovskaya(Astro Space Center), A. I. Sheikhet(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), A. E. Shirshakov(Scientific and Production Association. S.A. Lavochkin), Andreas S. Schmidt(Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy), L. A. Shnyreva(Astro Space Center), V. V. Shpilevskii(Institute of Applied Astronomy), R. D. Ekers(Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), V. E. Yakimov(Astro Space Center)
Cited by 272Open Access
Abstract
The Russian Academy of Sciences and Federal Space Agency, together with the participation of many international organizations, worked toward the launch of the RadioAstron orbiting space observatory with its onboard 10-m reflector radio telescope from the Baikonur cosmodrome on July 18, 2011. Together with some of the largest ground-based radio telescopes and a set of stations for tracking, collecting, and reducing the data obtained, this space radio telescope forms a multi-antenna ground-space radio interferometer with extremely long baselines, making it possible for the first time to study various objects in the Universe with angular resolutions a million times better than is possible with the human eye. The project is targeted at systematic studies of compact radio-emitting sources and their dynamics. Objects to be studied include supermassive black holes, accretion disks, and relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei, stellar-mass black holes, neutron stars and hypothetical quark stars, regions of formation of stars and planetary systems in our and other galaxies, interplanetary and interstellar plasma, and the gravitational field of the Earth. The results of ground-based and inflight tests of the space radio telescope carried out in both autonomous and ground-space interferometric regimes are reported. The derived characteristics are in agreement with the main requirements of the project. The astrophysical science program has begun.
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