Hui Liu

Abstract Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) is a promising non-precious catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Unfortunately, FePc with plane-symmetric FeN 4 site usually exhibits an unsatisfactory ORR activity due to its poor O 2 adsorption and activation. Here, we report an axial Fe–O coordination induced electronic localization strategy to improve its O 2 adsorption, activation and thus the ORR performance. Theoretical calculations indicate that the Fe–O coordination evokes the electronic localization among the axial direction of O–FeN 4 sites to enhance O 2 adsorption and activation. To realize this speculation, FePc is coordinated with an oxidized carbon. Synchrotron X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectra validate Fe–O coordination between FePc and carbon. The obtained catalyst exhibits fast kinetics for O 2 adsorption and activation with an ultralow Tafel slope of 27.5 mV dec −1 and a remarkable half-wave potential of 0.90 V. This work offers a new strategy to regulate catalytic sites for better performance.

Abstract Owing to their exceptional properties, high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) and high‐entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications. Here, the recent advances in the field are comprehensively reviewed, organized into five sections. The first section introduces the background of HEAs, covering their definition, significance, application prospects, basic properties, design principles, and microstructure. The subsequent section focuses on cutting‐edge high‐entropy structural materials, highlighting developments such as nanostructured alloys, grain boundary engineering, eutectic systems, cryogenic alloys, thin films, micro‐nano‐lattice structures, additive manufacturing, high entropy metallic glasses, nano‐precipitate strengthened alloys, composition modulation, alloy fibers, and refractory systems. In the following section, the emphasis shifts to functional materials, exploring HEAs as catalysts, magneto‐caloric materials, corrosion‐resistant alloys, radiation‐resistant alloys, hydrogen storage systems, and materials for biomedicine. Additionally, the review encompasses functional high‐entropy materials outside the realm of alloys, including thermoelectric, quantum dots, nanooxide catalysts, energy storage materials, negative thermal expansion ceramics, and high‐entropy wave absorption materials. The paper concludes with an outlook, discussing future directions and potential growth areas in the field. Through this comprehensive review, researchers, engineers, and scientists may gain valuable insights into the recent progress and opportunities for further exploration in the exciting domains of high‐entropy alloys and functional materials.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study to compare busulfan plus fludarabine (BuFlu) with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (BuCy) as the conditioning regimen in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1). METHODS: Totally 108 AML-CR1 patients undergoing allo-HSCT were randomized into BuCy (busulfan 1.6 mg/kg, q12 hours, -7 ~ -4d; cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg.d, -3 ~ -2d) or BuFlu (busulfan 1.6 mg/kg, q12 hours, -5 ~ -2d; fludarabine 30 mg/m2.d, -6 ~ -2d) group. Hematopoietic engraftment, regimen-related toxicity (RRT), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplant related mortality (TRM), and overall survival were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: All patients achieved hematopoietic reconstitution except for two patients who died of RRT during conditioning. All patients obtained complete donor chimerism by day +30 post-transplantation. The incidence of total and III-IV RRT were 94.4% and 81.5% (P = 0.038), and 16.7% and 0.0% (P = 0.002), respectively, in BuCy and BuFlu group. With a median follow up of 609 (range, 3-2130) days after transplantation, the 5-year cumulative incidence of TRM were 18.8 ± 6.9% and 9.9 ± 6.3% (P = 0.104); the 5-year cumulative incidence of leukemia relapse were 16.5 ± 5.8% and 16.2 ± 5.3% (P = 0.943); the 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 67.4 ± 7.6% and 75.3 ± 7.2% (P = 0.315), and 72.3 ± 7.5% and 81.9 ± 7.0% (P = 0.177), respectively in BuCy and BuFlu group. CONCLUSION: Compared with BuCy, BuFlu as a myeloablative condition regimen was associated with lower toxicities and comparable anti-leukemic activity in AML-CR1 patients undergoing allo-HSCT.